Imaging the Neurochemistry of Binge-Drinking in College-Aged Young Adults

大学生酗酒的神经化学成像

• 批准号: 8717540
• 负责人: Diana M Martinez
• 金额: $ 31.87万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8717540
• 关键词: Addictive Behavior; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Animals; Blood; Brain; Brain imaging; Corpus striatum structure; Development; Disease; Dopamine; Drug usage; Dynorphins; Ethanol; Exhibits; Family; Family history of; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Head; Health; Heavy Drinking; Human; Image; Incentives; Left; Measures; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Neurotransmitters; Outcome Measure; Participant; Play; Positron-Emission Tomography; Public Health; Raclopride; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Rodent; Role; Self Administration; Self-Administered; Signal Transduction; Surveys; Synapses; Syndrome; System; Testing; Time; Up-Regulation; Ventral Striatum; Vulnerable Populations; age group; aged; alcohol exposure; alcohol misuse; binge drinker; binge drinking; caudate nucleus; college; design; experience; extracellular; human subject; improved; in vivo; kappa opioid receptors; neurochemistry; neuropathology; neurotransmission; preclinical study; prevent; psychostimulant; public health relevance; putamen; radioligand; radiotracer; receptor; receptor binding; response; reward processing; social; transmission process; university student; volunteer; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent reports show that young-adult binge drinking has become a major public health problem. Nevertheless, the neurochemistry associated with this type of alcohol misuse has not been extensively studied. Previous radiotracer imaging studies in alcohol dependence have reliably shown that this disorder is associated with a reduction in dopamine type 2/3 (D2/3) receptor binding in addition to a decrease in dopamine transmission of the ventral striatum. Studies in alcohol-preferring rodents show similar results. In addition, functional MRI studies have shown that alcohol dependence is associated with a loss of reward-related activation in the ventral striatum. The goal of this study is to measure these parameters of dopamine transmission in young- adult binge drinkers compared to control subjects. Using PET radioligand imaging, we will measure both D2/3 receptor binding in addition to changes in extracellular dopamine in response to a psychostimulant challenge. We will also image, for the first time in human subjects, the kappa receptor in vivo. Previous pre-clinical studies suggest that alcohol exposure is associated with an increase in endogenous dynorphin and a downregualtion of the kappa receptor. All subjects will also undergo an fMRI using the monetary incentive delay task, a task that is associated with decreased ventral striatal activation in alcohol dependence. We will also investigate the correlation between dopamine transmission measured with PET and activation measured with fMRI in the ventral striatum in the same subjects. In addition, this application will explore the correlations between the brain measures obtained, including the correlation between pre-synaptic dopamine function measured with PET and fMRI and the association between kappa receptor availability and dopamine transmission. It has previously been hypothesized that the decrease in dopamine transmission see in alcohol dependence is associated with a "reward deficiency syndrome". A possible mechanism for this is dynorphin signaling at the kappa receptor. Thus, in this study, we have proposed a set of specific aims that are designed to measure dopamine transmission and reward-related activation with the hypothesis that disruptions in striatal dopamine transmission underlie excessive alcohol consumption in this vulnerable population.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的报告显示，年轻人酗酒已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。然而，与这种类型的酒精滥用相关的神经化学尚未得到广泛研究。先前针对酒精依赖的放射性示踪成像研究已可靠地表明，除了腹侧纹状体多巴胺传输减少外，这种疾病还与 2/3 型 (D2/3) 多巴胺受体结合减少有关。对嗜酒啮齿动物的研究也显示出类似的结果。此外，功能性核磁共振研究表明，酒精依赖与腹侧纹状体奖励相关激活的丧失有关。 本研究的目的是测量年轻饮酒者与对照组相比的多巴胺传递参数。使用 PET 放射性配体成像，我们将测量 D2/3 受体结合以及细胞外多巴胺响应精神兴奋剂挑战的变化。我们还将首次在人类受试者体内对 kappa 受体进行成像。先前的临床前研究表明，酒精暴露与内源性强啡肽的增加和 kappa 受体的下调有关。 所有受试者还将接受使用金钱激励延迟任务的功能磁共振成像，该任务与酒精依赖中腹侧纹状体激活减少相关。我们还将研究同一受试者腹侧纹状体中 PET 测量的多巴胺传输与 fMRI 测量的激活之间的相关性。此外，该应用程序还将探索所获得的大脑测量值之间的相关性，包括使用 PET 和 fMRI 测量的突触前多巴胺功能之间的相关性以及 kappa 受体可用性与多巴胺传递之间的关联。 此前有人假设，酒精依赖中多巴胺传递的减少与“奖赏缺乏综合症”有关。一个可能的机制是 kappa 受体上的强啡肽信号传导。因此，在这项研究中，我们提出了一系列具体目标，旨在测量多巴胺传递和奖励相关激活，并假设纹状体多巴胺传递中断是该弱势群体过度饮酒的基础。