Sleep Loss, Human Memory and Brain Plasticity across the Lifespan

描述(由申请人提供)：众所周知，睡眠质量、效率和连续性都会随着年龄的增长而下降。与这些睡眠障碍共同出现的是衰老的认知标志，记忆逐渐恶化，降低了在以后的生活中获取和保留事实的能力。此外，现在人们普遍认为，睡眠在学习、记忆和大脑可塑性方面发挥着关键作用。然而，与年龄相关的记忆力下降的可能性，至少部分是由于睡眠中断，仍然是一个谜，还没有被探索。如果正确，睡眠不足将代表认知老化的一个重要但尚未确定的特征，是可以治疗的。结合脑成像(FMRI)和认知测量，我们将确定与年龄相关的睡眠丧失和恢复对形成新人类记忆的能力的影响。第一系列实验将在一组医学健康的老年人(65-85岁)中确定与年龄相关的睡眠不足和记忆编码能力受损之间的关系。这些神经和行为的变化将与年轻的健康受试者进行比较，这些受试者的睡眠模式经过实验操纵，与老年人的睡眠模式相匹配；将年龄的影响与睡眠缺失分开。第二个系列的实验将研究白天打盹是否对老年人和同样缺乏睡眠的年轻人的记忆编码有恢复作用；克服这些因睡眠不足而导致的神经和行为影响。此外，这些研究将确定由不同睡眠阶段结构和不同持续时间组成的午睡在增强年长和年轻受试者的学习能力方面是否或多或少具有恢复作用。通过这些研究项目，我们还将确定高睡眠和低睡眠功能的老年人(即睡眠质量和睡眠数量)是否表现出不同的神经和行为记忆特征，正如上述假设所预测的那样。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sleep quality, efficiency and continuity are all known to decrease in with age. Co-occurring with these sleep impairments is the cognitive hallmark of aging a progressive deterioration of memory, reducing the ability to acquire and retain facts in later life. Moreover, it is now widely acknowledged that sleep plays a critical role in learning, memory and brain plasticity. However, the possibility that age-related memory decline results, at least in part, from disrupted sleep, remains enigmatic and unexplored. If correct, inadequate sleep would represent an important, but as yet uncharacterized, feature of cognitive aging that is treatable. Combining brain imaging (fMRI) with cognitive measures, we will determine the impact of age-associated sleep loss, and recovery, on the ability to form new human memories. A first series of experiments will determine the relationship between age-related sleep deficits and impaired memory encoding ability in a cohort of medically healthy older adults (age 65-85). These neural and behavioral changes will be compared to young healthy subjects with experimentally manipulated sleep patterns matching those of the older adults; dissociating the effects of age from sleep loss. A second series of experiments will investigate whether daytime naps provide a restorative benefit to memory encoding in older adults, and similarly sleep deprived young adults; overcoming these neural and behavioral effects resulting from sleep loss. Furthermore, these studies will determine whether naps composed of different sleep-stage architectures and of varying durations are more or less recuperative in enhancement learning ability in older and young subjects. Across these programs of research, we will also determine whether high- and low-sleep functioning older adults (i.e. sleep quality and quantity), express differential neural and behavioral memory profiles, as would be predicted by the above hypothesis.