Family Immigration Status and Latino Youth Substance Use

描述（由申请人提供）：父母非法移民身份（PUIS），是指外国出生的非公民缺乏在美国居住的合法授权，在拉丁裔青年的药物使用研究中被忽视，尽管事实上约有四分之一的拉丁裔青年与非法移民父母生活在一起。越来越多的证据表明，父母的非法移民身份（PUIS）给家庭带来了巨大的困难，并导致儿童的不良发展结果[22-24]。然而，PUIS对家庭和养育过程的影响及其对拉丁裔青年物质使用的影响一直被忽视。例如，对文献的搜索没有发现关于移民身份（即授权或未经授权）与青少年药物使用之间关系的已发表研究。本论文项目的总体目标是了解PUIS对青少年物质使用风险的影响。非法移民身份是指在外国出生的非美国公民没有合法授权而在美国居住的身份。青少年物质使用风险是指亲药物规范、拒绝药物提供的自我效能和使用药物的意图。在这个项目中感兴趣的药物或物质是酒精，烟草和大麻。这个项目的目标将通过混合方法的设计来完成，包括定性和定量的组成部分。该项目旨在1)确定父母有非法移民身份的家庭所面临的离散压力源，家庭赋予这些压力源的意义以及家庭应对压力源的策略。2)描述父母移民身份（即非法移民与合法移民）在暴露于移民压力源、家庭应对、父母和青少年困扰以及育儿实践方面的差异。3)根据父母的移民身份（即合法移民和非法移民）描述青少年物质使用风险的流行程度，并探讨压力源暴露和家庭应对是否与青少年物质使用风险的差异有关。研究目标将使用顺序混合方法设计来完成。在定性阶段，20名来自墨西哥的非法移民的父母或来自墨西哥的非法移民的配偶/伴侣将使用半结构化的面试指南进行面试。在定量阶段，200名7年级和8年级的青少年和他们的一位父母将完成问卷调查。青少年将被问及压力源（即与PUIS相关的压力源和一般移民压力源）、他们的压力反应（即痛苦）、他们的家庭用来应对PUIS压力源的策略、父母的做法、他们的拒绝毒品信心、亲毒品规范和使用毒品的意图（即酒精、烟草和大麻）。家长将被问及压力源（即，PUIS相关的压力源，和一般移民的压力源），压力反应（即，苦恼），以及他们的家庭用来应对压力源的策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parent unauthorized immigration status (PUIS), which refers to a foreign-born non-citizen person's lack of legal authorization to reside in the US has been neglected in studies of substance use among Latino youth, despite the fact that about a quarter of Latino youth live with an unauthorized immigrant parent. Emerging evidence suggests that the parent unauthorized immigration status (PUIS) places formidable hardships on families and leads to adverse developmental outcomes in children [22-24]. However, the effects of PUIS on family and parenting processes and their implications for substance use by Latino youth have been neglected. For instance, a search of the literature yields no published studies examining the relationship between immigration status (i.e., authorized or unauthorized) and adolescent substance use. The overall goal of this dissertation project is to understand the effects of PUIS on adolescent risk for substance use. Unauthorized immigration status refers to a foreign-born non-citizen person's lack of legal authorization to reside in the US [25]. Adolescent risk for substance use refers to pro-drug norms, self-efficacy to refuse drug offers, and intentions to use drugs. The drugs or substances of interest in this project are alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. The goal of this project will be accomplished by a mixed-method design including qualitative and quantitative components. The project aims to 1) Identify discrete stressors confronted by families where a parent has unauthorized immigration status, the meaning families ascribe to those stressors and the strategies families use to cope with the stressors. 2) Delineate variations in exposure to immigrant stressors, family coping, parent and youth distress, and parenting practices by parent immigration status (i.e., unauthorized versus authorized). 3) Delineate the prevalence of risk for substance use in adolescents according to parent immigration status (i.e. authorized versus unauthorized), and exploring if stressor exposure and family coping are associated with differences in adolescents risk for substance use. Study aims will be accomplished using a sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, 20 parents who are unauthorized immigrants from Mexico or the spouses/partners of unauthorized immigrants from Mexico will be interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. In the quantitative phase, 200 adolescents enrolled in 7th and 8th grade and one of their parents will complete questionnaires. Adolescents will be asked about stressors (i.e., PUIS related stressors, and general immigrant stressors) their stress response (i.e., distress), strategies their families use to cope with PUIS stressors, parenting practices, their drug refusal confidence, pro-drug norms, and intentions to use drugs (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana). Parents will be asked about stressors (i.e., PUIS related stressors, and general immigrant stressors), stress response (i.e., distress), and strategies their families use to cope with the stressors.