ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HUMAN ATTENTION

人类注意力的电生理学研究

• 批准号: 8589427
• 负责人: Maurizio Corbetta
• 金额: $ 47.02万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-16 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8589427
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Blood; Brain; Brain Part; Brain region; Cognitive; Cues; Dependence; Detection; Disease; Dorsal; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Epilepsy; Frequencies; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Location; Magnetism; Magnetoencephalography; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Motor; Neurologic; Neurons; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Phase; Play; Positron-Emission Tomography; Process; Recruitment Activity; Resolution; Rest; Role; Schizophrenia; Seizures; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Surface; Testing; Time; Visual; Work; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; human subject; induced pluripotent stem cell; interest; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; response; visual motor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuroimaging studies have provided a wealth of information on the cortical and subcortical regions of the human brain active during cognitive tasks. Recent studies have shown that regions that are co-activated during tasks maintain, even at rest, a high level of inter-regional correlation, or 'functional connectivity'. However, these interregional correlations are measured over long time scales (e.g. minutes). In contrast, little is known about the temporal dynamics and interactions of these brain regions over the short timescales (e.g. sec or ms) that are typical of most tasks. The analysis of temporal dynamics and interactions is strongly limited by the low temporal resolution of neuroimaging methods (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI; Positron emission tomography, PET), and the low spatial resolution of methods for recording extracranial electro-magnetic activity (electroencephalography, EEG, magnetoencephalography, MEG). To solve these fundamental limitations, we have combined fMRI measures of blood-oxgyenation-level- dependent (BOLD) signals with electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals recorded from invasively monitored human subjects. We have developed methods to co-register functional networks localized with fMRI with intracranial electrodes that record surface cortical local field potentials (LFP). We have applied these novel methods to study the dynamics and interactions of cortical networks involved in spatial attention. Our preliminary results indicate that cortical networks observed with fMRI during a spatial attention task show multiple coherence modulations with ECoG. Maintenance of spatial attention correlates with sustained phase synchronization in the delta band (1-3 Hz) across multiple occipital, parietal, and frontal task-relevant regions, while shifts of spatial attention are associated with transient increases of phase synchronization in the theta band (3-7 Hz). We propose a series of experiments in which we first localize with fMRI cortical regions/networks specialized for spatial attention and then study their dynamics and interaction with ECoG on well- characterized cognitive tasks. Our first specific aim is to determine the role of delta/theta band phase synchronization in linking cortical regions during voluntary orienting of spatial attention. Our second specific aim studies how delta/theta band phase synchronization is affected by the temporal structure of a task. Our third specific aims focuses on the interaction between two different attention networks (dorsal, DAN; ventral, VAN) during stimulus-driven re-orienting.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经影像学研究提供了大量关于人类大脑皮层和皮层下区域在认知任务中活动的信息。最近的研究表明，即使在休息时，在任务中共同激活的区域也保持着高水平的区域间相关性或“功能连通性”。然而，这些区域间的相关性是在很长的时间尺度（例如分钟）上测量的。相比之下，人们对这些大脑区域在短时间尺度（如秒或毫秒）内的时间动态和相互作用知之甚少，而这些短时尺度是大多数任务的典型特征。时间动态和相互作用的分析受到神经成像方法（功能磁共振成像，fMRI；正电子发射断层扫描，PET）的低时间分辨率和记录颅外电磁活动的方法（脑电图，EEG，脑磁图，MEG）的低空间分辨率的强烈限制。为了解决这些基本的限制，我们将血氧合水平依赖性（BOLD）信号的功能磁共振测量与从侵入性监测的人类受试者中记录的皮质电图（ECoG）信号结合起来。我们已经开发了用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和记录表面皮质局部场电位（LFP）的颅内电极共同登记功能网络的方法。我们将这些新方法应用于研究空间注意皮层网络的动态和相互作用。我们的初步结果表明，在空间注意力任务中，功能磁共振成像观察到的皮质网络显示出ECoG的多重相干调制。空间注意的维持与多个枕叶、顶叶和额叶任务相关区域的δ波段（1-3 Hz）持续相位同步相关，而空间注意的转移与θ波段（3-7 Hz）的短暂相位同步增加相关。我们提出了一系列的实验，在这些实验中，我们首先用fMRI定位专门用于空间注意的皮质区域/网络，然后研究它们的动态和与ECoG在特征明确的认知任务中的相互作用。我们的第一个具体目标是确定delta/theta波段相位同步在空间注意自主定向过程中连接皮层区域的作用。我们的第二个具体目标是研究delta/theta波段相位同步如何受到任务时间结构的影响。我们的第三个具体目标集中在刺激驱动的重新定向过程中两个不同的注意网络（背侧，DAN；腹侧，VAN）之间的相互作用。