ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HUMAN ATTENTION

人类注意力的电生理学研究

• 批准号: 8258140
• 负责人: Maurizio Corbetta
• 金额: $ 55.27万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-16 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8258140
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Blood; Brain; Brain Part; Brain region; Cognitive; Cues; Dependence; Detection; Disease; Dorsal; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Epilepsy; Frequencies; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Location; Magnetism; Magnetoencephalography; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Motor; Neurologic; Neurons; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Phase; Play; Positron-Emission Tomography; Process; Recruitment Activity; Resolution; Rest; Role; Schizophrenia; Seizures; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Surface; Testing; Time; Visual; Work; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; human subject; induced pluripotent stem cell; interest; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; response; visual motor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neuroimaging studies have provided a wealth of information on the cortical and subcortical regions of the human brain active during cognitive tasks. Recent studies have shown that regions that are co-activated during tasks maintain, even at rest, a high level of inter-regional correlation, or 'functional connectivity'. However, these interregional correlations are measured over long time scales (e.g. minutes). In contrast, little is known about the temporal dynamics and interactions of these brain regions over the short timescales (e.g. sec or ms) that are typical of most tasks. The analysis of temporal dynamics and interactions is strongly limited by the low temporal resolution of neuroimaging methods (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI; Positron emission tomography, PET), and the low spatial resolution of methods for recording extracranial electro-magnetic activity (electroencephalography, EEG, magnetoencephalography, MEG). To solve these fundamental limitations, we have combined fMRI measures of blood-oxgyenation-level- dependent (BOLD) signals with electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals recorded from invasively monitored human subjects. We have developed methods to co-register functional networks localized with fMRI with intracranial electrodes that record surface cortical local field potentials (LFP). We have applied these novel methods to study the dynamics and interactions of cortical networks involved in spatial attention. Our preliminary results indicate that cortical networks observed with fMRI during a spatial attention task show multiple coherence modulations with ECoG. Maintenance of spatial attention correlates with sustained phase synchronization in the delta band (1-3 Hz) across multiple occipital, parietal, and frontal task-relevant regions, while shifts of spatial attention are associated with transient increases of phase synchronization in the theta band (3-7 Hz). We propose a series of experiments in which we first localize with fMRI cortical regions/networks specialized for spatial attention and then study their dynamics and interaction with ECoG on well- characterized cognitive tasks. Our first specific aim is to determine the role of delta/theta band phase synchronization in linking cortical regions during voluntary orienting of spatial attention. Our second specific aim studies how delta/theta band phase synchronization is affected by the temporal structure of a task. Our third specific aims focuses on the interaction between two different attention networks (dorsal, DAN; ventral, VAN) during stimulus-driven re-orienting. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: There is growing evidence that the behavioral symptoms of neurological (stroke, TBI, AD, MS) and psychiatric (schizophrenia, depression) disorders reflect the disruption of brain networks. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can identify these networks and provide some information about whether they are damaged, fMRI unfortunately cannot track in detail how these networks function over short time periods (i.e. seconds). Yet it is these rapid timescales that are particularly salient for understanding behavior. Non-invasive methods such as EEG or MEG have traditionally been used to study human neural activity at fine time scales. Unfortunately, their usefulness is currently limited by the fact that these signals, unlike those measured in fMRI, cannot be unambiguously localized to specific parts of the brain. To fill this methodological gap, this project combines fMRI with directly measured cortical electrophysiology in human patients who require intracranial monitoring to identify the location of their seizures. By using functional imaging to precisely co-register regions of the brain with intracranial subdural electrode arrays (or electrocorticography, ECoG) the time course of neuronal activity of identified regions and networks of interest can be precisely determined. These novel methods are applied to understand the temporal dynamics and interactions of brain regions that are likely specialized in the control of spatial attention. The identification of neural mechanisms of attention in the normal brain and their temporal dynamics is a necessary first step for understanding the dysfunction of brain networks, a central feature of many neurological and psychiatric disorders. While the combination of fMRI and ECoG will remain a specialized application in human cognitive neuroscience, it also provides at the moment our best chance to establish some basic information about the relationship between fMRI signals and neuronal activity in human subjects during cognitive processing.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经影像学研究提供了大量关于在认知任务期间活跃的人脑皮层和皮层下区域的信息。最近的研究表明，在任务期间被共同激活的区域即使在休息时也保持着高水平的区域间相关性或“功能连接性”。然而，这些区域间的相关性是在长时间尺度（例如分钟）上测量的。相比之下，我们对这些大脑区域在短时间尺度（例如秒或毫秒）内的时间动态和相互作用知之甚少，而这些时间尺度是大多数任务的典型特征。时间动力学和相互作用的分析受到神经成像方法（功能性磁共振成像，fMRI;正电子发射断层扫描，PET）的低时间分辨率和记录颅外电磁活动的方法（脑电图，EEG，脑磁图，MEG）的低空间分辨率的强烈限制。为了解决这些根本的局限性，我们结合了fMRI测量血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号与皮层脑电图（ECoG）信号记录从侵入性监测人类受试者。我们已经开发出的方法，共同注册功能网络与功能磁共振成像与颅内电极，记录表面皮层局部场电位（LFP）。我们已经应用这些新的方法来研究空间注意的皮质网络的动态和相互作用。我们的初步研究结果表明，在空间注意任务中，皮层网络与功能磁共振成像观察到多种相干调制与ECoG。空间注意力的维持与跨多个枕叶、顶叶和额叶任务相关区域的δ频带（1-3 Hz）中的持续相位同步相关，而空间注意力的转移与θ频带（3-7 Hz）中的相位同步的瞬时增加相关。我们提出了一系列的实验中，我们首先定位与功能磁共振成像皮层区域/网络专门的空间注意，然后研究其动态和相互作用的ECoG的良好特征的认知任务。我们的第一个具体目标是确定的作用，δ/θ波段相位同步连接皮层区域在自愿定向的空间注意。我们的第二个具体目标研究如何三角洲/θ波段相位同步的时间结构的任务的影响。我们的第三个具体目标集中在两个不同的注意网络（背侧，DAN;腹侧，货车）之间的相互作用，在刺激驱动的重定向。 公共卫生关系：越来越多的证据表明，神经系统（中风，TBI，AD，MS）和精神疾病（精神分裂症，抑郁症）的行为症状反映了大脑网络的破坏。虽然功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）可以识别这些网络，并提供一些关于它们是否受损的信息，但遗憾的是，fMRI无法详细跟踪这些网络在短时间内（即几秒钟）的功能。然而，正是这些快速的时间尺度对理解行为特别重要。传统上，非侵入性方法（如EEG或MEG）用于在精细的时间尺度上研究人类神经活动。不幸的是，它们的实用性目前受到限制，因为这些信号与功能磁共振成像中测量的信号不同，不能明确地定位到大脑的特定部位。为了填补这一方法上的空白，该项目结合功能磁共振成像与直接测量的皮层电生理学在人类患者谁需要颅内监测，以确定他们的癫痫发作的位置。通过使用功能成像来精确地将大脑区域与颅内硬膜下电极阵列（或皮层电图，ECoG）共配准，可以精确地确定所识别的区域和感兴趣的网络的神经元活动的时间过程。这些新的方法被应用于了解可能专门控制空间注意力的大脑区域的时间动态和相互作用。识别正常大脑中的注意力神经机制及其时间动力学是理解大脑网络功能障碍的必要的第一步，这是许多神经和精神疾病的核心特征。虽然fMRI和ECoG的结合将仍然是人类认知神经科学的一个专门应用，但它也为我们提供了目前最好的机会，以建立一些关于人类受试者在认知过程中fMRI信号和神经元活动之间关系的基本信息。