Neural Codes Underlying Visual Segmentation

视觉分割背后的神经代码

• 批准号: 8632581
• 负责人: Xin Huang
• 金额: $ 37.86万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8632581
• 关键词: Address; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Code; Cues; Dyslexia; Environment; Epilepsy; Eye Movements; Goals; Image; Individual; Knowledge; Light; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; Neurons; Pattern; Perception; Physiological; Population; Primates; Problem Solving; Property; Research; Role; Scheme; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Process; Solutions; Speed; Stimulus; Surface; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Vision; Vision Disorders; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Agnosias; Visual Cortex; Visual Motion; Visual system structure; base; disorder prevention; imaging Segmentation; improved; insight; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; operation; perceptual organization; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; selective attention; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

Project Summary Natural scenes often contain multiple entities. The ability to segregate visual scenes into distinct objects and surfaces, referred to as segmentation, is a fundamental function of vision. Segmentation is crucial for interpreting visual images and for generating the perception of our environment. However, the neural mechanisms underlying image segmentation are not well understood. Our long-term goal is to understand the neural basis underlying perceptual organization and ultimately how perception arises from activity in neuronal network. Among sub-modalities of vision, visual motion provides a potent cue for segmentation. The proposed research uses visual motion to investigate how multiple stimuli are represented by neurons in the visual cortex such that the segmentation and perception of multiple stimuli can be achieved. To isolate the effects of visual motion cues from those of spatial cues on image segmentation, we will use random-dot patterns that move in the same region of visual space in different directions. Previous studies have shown that the responses of cortical neurons elicited by multiple, perceptually separable, stimuli tend to follow the average of the responses elicited by the constituent stimuli presented alone. Such a scheme, however, poses a challenge in segmenting two stimuli that differ only slightly, because averaging essentially takes away the information regarding the identities of individual stimulus components. The central problem to be addressed by the proposed research is how the segmentation of slightly different, but perceptually distinguishable, stimuli is achieved by the visual system. We will combine the methods of neurophysiology, behavior and computation to achieve our goals. The proposal has two specific aims. In Aim #1, we will determine how multiple moving stimuli are represented by populations of neurons in the visual cortex and the temporal dynamics of such neural representation, while the visual system solves the problem of segmenting overlapping stimuli moving in different directions. In Aim #2, we will elucidate how visual depth and speed cues, and selective attention modulate the neural representation of multiple stimuli moving in different directions. The proposed research will provide insight into fundamental neural operations of cortical network in processing sensory information and will expand our knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual organization. Insights gained from studying normal visual functions promise to improve our understanding of the cause, treatment and prevention of disorders of vision and eye movements.

项目摘要 自然场景通常包含多个实体。将视觉场景分离为不同对象的能力 被称为分割的物体和表面是视觉的基本功能。细分对于 解释视觉图像和产生对我们环境的感知。然而，神经 图像分割的基础机制还没有被很好地理解。我们的长期目标是了解 知觉组织的神经基础，以及知觉是如何从神经元的活动中产生的。 网络在视觉的子模态中，视觉运动为分割提供了有力的线索。拟议 一项研究利用视觉运动来研究视觉皮层中的神经元是如何表现多种刺激的 使得可以实现多个刺激的分割和感知。为了隔离视觉效果 运动线索从那些空间线索的图像分割，我们将使用随机点模式，移动 在不同方向上的视觉空间的同一区域。以前的研究表明， 皮层神经元由多个感知上可分离的刺激引起，倾向于遵循反应的平均值 由单独呈现的成分刺激引起。然而，这种方案在细分方面提出了挑战。 两个刺激只有轻微的不同，因为平均基本上带走了关于 个体刺激成分的特性。拟议研究要解决的中心问题是 如何分割略有不同，但感知可区分，刺激是由视觉实现的 系统我们将联合收割机的神经生理学，行为和计算的方法来实现我们的目标。的 该提案有两个具体目标。在目标#1中，我们将确定多个移动刺激如何由 视觉皮层中的神经元群体和这种神经表征的时间动力学，而 视觉系统解决了分割在不同方向上移动的重叠刺激的问题。在目标2中， 我们将阐明视觉深度和速度线索以及选择性注意如何调节神经表征 多个刺激向不同方向移动的过程。拟议的研究将提供深入了解基本的 皮层网络在处理感觉信息中的神经操作，并将扩大我们对 知觉组织的神经机制从研究正常视觉功能中获得的见解 承诺提高我们对视力和眼睛疾病的原因，治疗和预防的理解 动作