low-dose and high-resolution tomosynthesis for lung cancer screening

低剂量、高分辨率断层合成用于肺癌筛查

• 批准号: 8829803
• 负责人: OTTO Z ZHOU
• 金额: $ 16.25万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8829803
• 关键词: Animals; Area; Basic Science; Beds; Cancer Etiology; Carbon Nanotubes; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chest; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Detection; Development; Diagnosis; Digital Breast Tomosynthesis; Doctor of Philosophy; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Family suidae; Filtration; General Population; Geometry; Goals; Health; Image; Individual; Investigation; Lead; Lesion; Lung; Lung nodule; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Modality; Modeling; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Motion; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Performance; Phase; Physiological; Protocols documentation; Radiation; Reader; Research; Resolution; Roentgen Rays; Scanning; Scheme; Scientist; Sensitivity and Specificity; Source; Specificity; Speed; Structure; Survival Rate; System; Technology; Testing; Thoracic Radiography; Three-Dimensional Image; Time; Tomography, Computed, Scanners; Tube; Work; X-Ray Computed Tomography; base; children with cystic fibrosis; cost; cystic fibrosis patients; detector; digital; electron optics; high risk; imaging modality; imaging system; improved; lung cancer screening; lung imaging; mortality; new technology; novel; radiologist; respiratory; screening; simulation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. In spite of decades of research on diagnosis and therapy, survival rates remain poor. Computed tomography (CT) scans can readily detect small lung nodules, but requires significantly higher radiation dose. Digital chest tomosynthesis (DCT) creates CT-like 3D images by scanning an x-ray tube in front of the patient to obtain multiple views over a limited angular range. It uses significantly lower imaging dose and costs less compared to CT. Clinical studies have shown that DCT can achieve sensitivities of over 90% as compared to conventional CT in detecting small lung nodules when respiratory motion is at a minimum. The scanning time of the current DCT systems is considerably longer than a respiratory cycle. The motion blurring of the patient and the source degrade image quality even with the patient holding their breath. When motion artifacts are present, the detection sensitivity is reduced to the level of conventional 2D chest radiography (CR). The goal of this study is to increase tomosynthesis image quality of DCT. Utilizing the spatially distributed carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source array technology we propose to develop a stationary DCT (s- DCT) system. The system generates the multiple projection images by electronically activating the individual x- ray sources in the source array without any mechanical motion. Our goal is to achieve a full chest tomosynthesis scan in 2s or less, 1/3 - 1/5 of the current commercial DCT scanners, which is expected to reduce image blurring due to patient respiratory motion. The CNT x-ray source array technology further enables a wider angular coverage that reduces the out-of-plane artifact and novel imaging geometries that may provide a more isotropic in-plane resolution. The hypothesis, supported by prior clinical studies, is that the improved image quality will lead to an improved sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer to the level approaching that of CT. Beyond lung cancer screening, the low-dose and highly sensitive 3D DCT lung imaging modality will likely to find applications in areas such as monitoring pediatric cystic fibrosis patients where reduction of imaging dose is critical. The proposed study is a close collaboration between two physical scientists (Zhou, PhD, and Lu, PhD) and a translational radiologist (Lee, MD/PhD) at UNC. The UNC cardiothoracic surgery simulation lab will be utilized for the physiological phantom studies. We have worked together productively for over a decade and have a demonstrated record of taking new technologies from basic research to clinical trials and commercial products. Successful examples include the development of the CNT x-ray source array technology; the dynamic micro-computed tomography scanner now installed at UNC in the small animal core as a user facility; and stationary digital breast tomosynthesis currently undergoing a pilot clinical trial.

描述（由申请人提供）：肺癌仍然是世界上癌症死亡的主要原因。尽管对诊断和治疗进行了数十年的研究，但生存率仍然很低。计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描可以很容易地检测到小的肺结节，但需要显着更高的辐射剂量。数字胸部断层合成（DCT）通过扫描患者前方的X射线管以在有限的角度范围内获得多个视图来创建类似CT的3D图像。与CT相比，它使用更低的成像剂量和更低的成本。临床研究表明，与传统CT相比，当呼吸运动最小时，DCT检测肺小结节的灵敏度可达到90%以上。当前DCT系统的扫描时间比呼吸周期长得多。即使患者屏住呼吸，患者和光源的运动模糊也会降低图像质量。当存在运动伪影时，检测灵敏度降低到传统的2D胸部X射线摄影（CR）的水平。 本研究的目的是提高DCT的断层合成图像质量。利用空间分布的碳纳米管（CNT）X射线源阵列技术，我们提出了一种静态DCT（s-DCT）系统。该系统通过在没有任何机械运动的情况下电子地激活源阵列中的各个X射线源来生成多个投影图像。我们的目标是在2s或更短的时间内实现全胸部断层合成扫描，这是目前商业DCT扫描仪的1/3 - 1/5，预计将减少由于患者呼吸运动而导致的图像模糊。CNT x射线源阵列技术还实现了更宽的角度覆盖范围，这减少了平面外伪影和新颖的成像几何形状，这可以提供更各向同性的平面内分辨率。 先前的临床研究支持的假设是，图像质量的改善将导致 提高了对肺癌的敏感性和特异性，使其接近CT的水平。除了肺癌筛查之外，低剂量和高灵敏度的3D DCT肺部成像模式可能会在诸如监测儿科囊性纤维化患者等领域中找到应用，其中减少成像剂量至关重要。 这项拟议的研究是两名物理科学家（Zhou，PhD和Lu，PhD）和一名翻译放射科医生（Lee，MD/PhD）之间的密切合作。将使用心肺外科手术模拟实验室进行生理体模研究。十多年来，我们一直在富有成效地合作，并在将新技术从基础研究推向临床试验和商业产品方面取得了良好的记录。成功的例子包括开发碳纳米管X射线源阵列技术;作为用户设施，现已安装在小动物中心的动态微型计算机断层扫描仪;以及目前正在进行试点临床试验的固定数字乳腺断层合成。