Changing Lanes, Changing Times ? the Risks Facing Female Drivers Today

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然男性长期以来在机动车碰撞（MVC）中处于领先地位，但最近的国际研究表明，女性，特别是年轻的女司机，正在缩小差距。女性参与碰撞事故的相对增加与碰撞暴露的增加有关，还有其他中介因素，如车辆处理问题，掌握交通情况，以及对风险态度的变化。这项拟议研究的目标是对大型国家数据集进行二次分析，以确定女性的年龄/种族/族裔群体越来越容易受到参与MVC的风险（在不同的驾驶条件和行为下）。基于有限版本的驾驶行为的层次模型，这项拟议的研究将利用丰富的碰撞相关的信息提供的1990-2004年死亡分析报告系统（法尔斯），耐撞性数据系统（CDS），和一般估计系统（GES），以确定组的女性风险。在通过邮政编码标识符将相关地理信息、基于美国人口普查的信息纳入这些文件后，将应用通用潜在变量模型（GLVM）。最后，利用手头的信息，我们将应用分解方法来估计概念模型中三个层次中每一个层次的碰撞伤害概率：“车辆操纵”（即，基本驾驶技能不足），“掌握交通情况”（例如，不遵守交通法规）;以及“驾驶的目标和背景”（例如，喝酒和开车）。这种理解将是一个关键的贡献，旨在实现的原因，一些年龄和种族/民族群体和亚组的女性司机的MVC受伤的风险越来越大的未来研究的设计。公共卫生相关性声明--本研究将评估不同年龄和种族/民族妇女发生机动车碰撞（MVC）的风险。这项研究通过查明那些风险越来越大的妇女群体，将有助于制定专门针对这一风险最大群体的有效预防政策。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although men have long held the lead in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), recent international research indicates that women, particularly young female drivers, are closing the gap. The relative increase in females involved in crashes has been associated with an increase in crash exposure, together with other mediating factors such as problems in vehicle handling, mastering traffic situations, and changes in attitudes toward risk. The goal of this proposed study is to perform a secondary analysis of large, national datasets to identify the age/race/ethnic groups of females increasingly vulnerable to the risk of being involved in MVCs (under different driving conditions and behaviors). Based on a limited version of the Hierarchical Levels of Driving Behavior's model, this proposed study will take advantage of the rich crash-related information provided by the 1990-2004 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), Crashworthiness Data System (CDS), and General Estimates System (GES) to identify the groups of females at risk. After including relevant geographical, US Census-based information to these files via zip code identifiers, a General Latent Variable Model (GLVM) will be applied. Finally, with the information at hand, we will apply a decomposition method to estimate the probability of crash injuries at each of the three hierarchical levels in our conceptual model: "vehicle maneuvering" (i.e., inadequate basic driving skills), "mastering traffic situations" (e.g., failure to obey a traffic law); and "goals and context of driving" (e.g., drink and drive). This understanding will be a crucial contribution to the design of future research aimed at realizing the reasons why some age and race/ethnic groups and subgroups of female drivers are at an increasing risk of MVC injuries. Public Health Relevance Statement -- This study will evaluate the risk of motor vehicle crash (MVC) for women of different age and race/ethnic groups. By identifying those groups of women at an increasing risk, this study will contribute to the design of efficient prevention policies tailored specifically to this most at-risk group.