Managing Heavy Drinking to Avoid Impaired Driving: A Study of Interlock Users

管理酗酒以避免驾驶不便：对联锁用户的研究

• 批准号: 8696278
• 负责人: THOMAS H NOCHAJSKI
• 金额: $ 56.28万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8696278
• 关键词: Adherence; Adopted; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Back; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood alcohol level measurement; Breath Tests; Characteristics; Consumption; Data; Effectiveness; Employment; Excision; Family; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Hair; Heavy Drinking; Home environment; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Legal; Measures; Methods; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; New Mexico; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Physiological; Policies; Procedures; Provider; Reading; Records; Reporting; Research; Risk; Safety; Self Assessment; Specialist; Surveys; System; Telephone; Testing; TimeLine; United States; base; convict; coping; coping mechanism; court; design; drinking; driving behavior; high risk; ignition interlock device; impaired driving performance; offender; peer; prevent; probation; problem drinker; programs; public health relevance; recidivism; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol ignition interlocks that prevent drivers who have been drinking from starting their vehicles have become one of the most widely used and rapidly growing methods for controlling the risk that individuals convicted of driving while impaired (DWI) present to the driving public. Research has shown that offenders can learn to drive with an interlock and avoid lockouts without substantially reducing the quantity of alcohol they consume or curtailing their driving. What is not known is how such heavy-even dependent drinkers- adjust their drinking/driving behavior in order to drive interlock-equipped vehicles and why having made that adjustment they return to their normal drinking-driving behavior once the interlock is removed. This return to pre-interlock levels of recidivism is a major limitation on th effectiveness of this rapidly expanding sanction for impaired drivers. To answer that question, this study will collect self-report, biological, and official record data on the drinking and the driving of 500 first DWI offenders sentenced to 6 months on the interlock. Data will be collected covering the 6 months before the interlock is installed, the 6 months when the interlock is on the vehicle, and the 6 months following its removal. The Timeline Follow-back method will be used to build detailed scenarios of drinking-driving practices in each of those periods. These self-report data will be augmented with objective measures of alcohol consumption from biomarkers in hair and blood and interlock breath tests. Data will be examined to determine the coping methods (e.g., drinking at home versus away from home) used by offenders to avoid lockouts and the trajectories of those coping mechanisms in transition from the pre-arrest period, when the participant was driving under normal legal deterrence conditions, to the period on the interlock when the participant is prevented from driving if drinking, to the 6 months after the interlock is removed. Knowledge about how DWI offenders change their drinking and/or driving behaviors in order to start their cars will be useful to treatment specialists, probation officers, and interlock providers who deal with DWI offenders. More significantly, these results will provide a basis for developing interventions that extend the safety benefits of the altered drinking-driving behaviors adopted while on the interlock into the lifetime of driving following interlock removal.

描述（由申请人提供）：防止酒后驾驶者启动车辆的酒精点火联锁装置已成为最广泛使用且增长迅速的方法之一，用于控制被判醉酒驾驶 (DWI) 的个人给驾驶公众带来的风险。研究表明，违法者可以学习使用联锁装置驾驶并避免停工，而无需大幅减少饮酒量或限制驾驶。目前尚不清楚的是，这些重度甚至依赖性饮酒者如何调整他们的酒后/驾驶行为以驾驶配备联锁装置的车辆，以及为什么在进行这种调整后，一旦联锁装置被拆除，他们就会恢复正常的酒后驾驶行为。累犯率回到联锁前的水平是对这种迅速扩大的对受损司机的制裁的有效性的一个主要限制。为了回答这个问题，本研究将收集 500 名首次酒后驾车罪犯的自我报告、生物学和官方记录数据，这些罪犯被判处 6 个月联锁监禁。收集的数据涵盖安装联锁装置前的 6 个月、车辆上联锁装置安装后的 6 个月以及拆除联锁装置后的 6 个月。时间线追踪方法将用于构建每个时期酒后驾驶行为的详细场景。这些自我报告数据将通过头发和血液中的生物标志物以及联锁呼气测试中的饮酒量客观测量来增强。将检查数据以确定犯罪者为避免停工而使用的应对方法（例如，在家喝酒还是外出喝酒），以及从被捕前阶段（当参与者在正常法律威慑条件下驾驶时）到联锁期间（禁止参与者酒后驾车）到联锁取消后 6 个月期间过渡的这些应对机制的轨迹。了解酒后驾车罪犯如何改变酒后和/或驾驶行为以启动汽车，对于治疗专家、缓刑官员、 以及联锁处理酒驾违法者的提供者。更重要的是，这些结果将为开发干预措施提供基础，这些干预措施将联锁时改变的酒后驾驶行为的安全效益延长到联锁解除后的驾驶生命周期。