Managing Heavy Drinking to Avoid Impaired Driving: A Study of Interlock Users

管理酗酒以避免驾驶不便：对联锁用户的研究

• 批准号: 9056626
• 负责人: THOMAS H NOCHAJSKI
• 金额: $ 59.42万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9056626
• 关键词: Adherence; Adopted; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Back; Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood alcohol level measurement; Breath Tests; Characteristics; Consumption; Data; Effectiveness; Employment; Excision; Family; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Hair; Health; Heavy Drinking; Home environment; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Legal; Measures; Methods; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; New Mexico; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Physiological; Policies; Procedures; Provider; Reading; Records; Reporting; Research; Risk; Safety; Self Assessment; Specialist; Surveys; System; Telephone; Testing; TimeLine; United States; alcohol-related injury; base; convict; coping; coping mechanism; court; design; drinking; driving behavior; high risk; ignition interlock device; impaired driving performance; offender; peer; prevent; probation; problem drinker; programs; recidivism; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol ignition interlocks that prevent drivers who have been drinking from starting their vehicles have become one of the most widely used and rapidly growing methods for controlling the risk that individuals convicted of driving while impaired (DWI) present to the driving public. Research has shown that offenders can learn to drive with an interlock and avoid lockouts without substantially reducing the quantity of alcohol they consume or curtailing their driving. What is not known is how such heavy-even dependent drinkers- adjust their drinking/driving behavior in order to drive interlock-equipped vehicles and why having made that adjustment they return to their normal drinking-driving behavior once the interlock is removed. This return to pre-interlock levels of recidivism is a major limitation on th effectiveness of this rapidly expanding sanction for impaired drivers. To answer that question, this study will collect self-report, biological, and official record data on the drinking and the driving of 500 first DWI offenders sentenced to 6 months on the interlock. Data will be collected covering the 6 months before the interlock is installed, the 6 months when the interlock is on the vehicle, and the 6 months following its removal. The Timeline Follow-back method will be used to build detailed scenarios of drinking-driving practices in each of those periods. These self-report data will be augmented with objective measures of alcohol consumption from biomarkers in hair and blood and interlock breath tests. Data will be examined to determine the coping methods (e.g., drinking at home versus away from home) used by offenders to avoid lockouts and the trajectories of those coping mechanisms in transition from the pre-arrest period, when the participant was driving under normal legal deterrence conditions, to the period on the interlock when the participant is prevented from driving if drinking, to the 6 months after the interlock is removed. Knowledge about how DWI offenders change their drinking and/or driving behaviors in order to start their cars will be useful to treatment specialists, probation officers, and interlock providers who deal with DWI offenders. More significantly, these results will provide a basis for developing interventions that extend the safety benefits of the altered drinking-driving behaviors adopted while on the interlock into the lifetime of driving following interlock removal.

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精点火联锁装置，防止司机谁一直在喝酒，从启动他们的车辆已成为一个最广泛使用和快速增长的方法，以控制风险的个人被定罪的驾驶，而受损（DWI）目前的驾驶公众。研究表明，违法者可以学习驾驶联锁和避免锁定，而不会大幅减少他们消费的酒精量或减少他们的驾驶。目前尚不清楚的是，这些重度饮酒者（甚至是依赖性饮酒者）是如何调整他们的饮酒/驾驶行为以驾驶装有联锁装置的车辆的，以及为什么在做出这种调整后，一旦联锁装置被移除，他们就会恢复正常的饮酒驾驶行为。这种回到前联锁水平的累犯是一个主要限制的有效性，这一迅速扩大制裁受损的司机。为了回答这个问题，这项研究将收集自我报告，生物和官方记录数据的饮酒和驾驶的500个第一DWI罪犯被判处6个月的联锁。将收集联锁装置安装前6个月、联锁装置安装在车辆上时6个月以及联锁装置拆除后6个月的数据。时间轴追踪法将用于构建每个时期酒后驾驶行为的详细情景。这些自我报告的数据将通过头发和血液中的生物标志物以及联锁呼吸测试来客观测量酒精消耗量。将对数据进行审查，以确定应对方法（例如，在家饮酒与离家饮酒），以及这些应对机制在从被捕前阶段（参与者在正常的法律的威慑条件下驾驶）到联锁阶段（参与者在饮酒时被阻止驾驶）到联锁解除后6个月的过渡中的轨迹。关于DWI罪犯如何改变他们的饮酒和/或驾驶行为，以启动他们的汽车的知识将是有用的治疗专家，缓刑监督官， 和处理酒后驾车罪犯的连锁供应商。更重要的是，这些结果将为制定干预措施提供基础，这些干预措施将在联锁时采取的改变酒后驾驶行为的安全益处延长到联锁解除后的驾驶寿命。