Managing Heavy Drinking to Avoid Impaired Driving: A Study of Interlock Users

管理酗酒以避免驾驶不便：对联锁用户的研究

• 批准号: 9265718
• 负责人: THOMAS H NOCHAJSKI
• 金额: $ 54.88万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9265718
• 关键词: Adherence; Adopted; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Back; Behavior; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood alcohol level measurement; Breath Tests; Characteristics; Consumption; Data; Data Reporting; Effectiveness; Employment; Excision; Family; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Hair; Heavy Drinking; Home environment; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Legal; Measures; Methods; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; New Mexico; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Physiological; Policies; Procedures; Provider; Reading; Records; Reporting; Research; Risk; Safety; Self Assessment; Specialist; Surveys; System; Telephone; Testing; TimeLine; United States; alcohol-related injury; base; convict; coping; coping mechanism; court; design; drinking; drinking behavior; driving behavior; high risk; ignition interlock device; impaired driving performance; offender; peer; prevent; probation; problem drinker; programs; public health relevance; recidivism

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol ignition interlocks that prevent drivers who have been drinking from starting their vehicles have become one of the most widely used and rapidly growing methods for controlling the risk that individuals convicted of driving while impaired (DWI) present to the driving public. Research has shown that offenders can learn to drive with an interlock and avoid lockouts without substantially reducing the quantity of alcohol they consume or curtailing their driving. What is not known is how such heavy-even dependent drinkers- adjust their drinking/driving behavior in order to drive interlock-equipped vehicles and why having made that adjustment they return to their normal drinking-driving behavior once the interlock is removed. This return to pre-interlock levels of recidivism is a major limitation on th effectiveness of this rapidly expanding sanction for impaired drivers. To answer that question, this study will collect self-report, biological, and official record data on the drinking and the driving of 500 first DWI offenders sentenced to 6 months on the interlock. Data will be collected covering the 6 months before the interlock is installed, the 6 months when the interlock is on the vehicle, and the 6 months following its removal. The Timeline Follow-back method will be used to build detailed scenarios of drinking-driving practices in each of those periods. These self-report data will be augmented with objective measures of alcohol consumption from biomarkers in hair and blood and interlock breath tests. Data will be examined to determine the coping methods (e.g., drinking at home versus away from home) used by offenders to avoid lockouts and the trajectories of those coping mechanisms in transition from the pre-arrest period, when the participant was driving under normal legal deterrence conditions, to the period on the interlock when the participant is prevented from driving if drinking, to the 6 months after the interlock is removed. Knowledge about how DWI offenders change their drinking and/or driving behaviors in order to start their cars will be useful to treatment specialists, probation officers, and interlock providers who deal with DWI offenders. More significantly, these results will provide a basis for developing interventions that extend the safety benefits of the altered drinking-driving behaviors adopted while on the interlock into the lifetime of driving following interlock removal.

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精点火联锁装置可以防止酒后驾驶的司机启动他们的车辆，它已经成为一种应用最广泛、发展最快的方法，用于控制被判酒后驾驶（DWI）的人给公众带来的风险。研究表明，违规者可以在不大幅减少酒精摄入量或减少驾驶时间的情况下学会使用联锁装置驾驶，避免被锁住。目前尚不清楚的是，这些重度饮酒者——甚至是依赖饮酒者——是如何调整他们的酒后驾驶行为以驾驶配备联锁装置的车辆的，以及为什么在进行了调整后，一旦联锁装置被移除，他们又会恢复正常的酒后驾驶行为。这种回归到联锁前的累犯水平是对这种迅速扩大的对受损司机的制裁的有效性的主要限制。为了回答这个问题，这项研究将收集500名首次被判入狱6个月的酒后驾车者的自我报告、生物学和官方记录数据。收集的数据包括联锁装置安装前的6个月、联锁装置安装后的6个月以及联锁装置拆卸后的6个月。时间线跟踪方法将用于在每个时间段建立酒驾行为的详细场景。这些自我报告数据将通过头发和血液中的生物标记物以及联锁呼吸测试来增强酒精消耗的客观测量。将对数据进行审查，以确定违法者为避免禁闭而使用的应对方法（例如，在家饮酒与离家饮酒），以及这些应对机制从被捕前阶段（参与者在正常法律威慑条件下驾驶）到联锁阶段（参与者被禁止酒后驾驶），再到联锁解除后的6个月的过渡轨迹。了解酒后驾车罪犯如何改变他们的饮酒和/或驾驶行为以启动他们的汽车，对治疗专家、缓刑官、