Adverse metabolic effects of dietary sugar _ Ad libitum vs energy-balanced diets

膳食糖对代谢的不良影响_随意饮食与能量平衡饮食

• 批准号: 8613141
• 负责人: PETER J HAVEL
• 金额: $ 74.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-27 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8613141
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Adult; Adverse effects; Apolipoproteins B; Aspartame; Beverages; Blinded; Body Weight; Calories; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Consumption; Control Groups; Data; Deposition; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary Sugars; Energy Intake; Exhibits; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Fructose; Glucose; Guidelines; Health Policy; Hepatic; Intake; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Kinetics; Lead; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Low-Density Lipoproteins; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Milk; Muscle; Plasma; Procedures; Process; Production; Proteins; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sucrose; Testing; Very low density lipoprotein; Visceral; Weight Gain; Woman; blood lipid; carbohydrate metabolism; dietary control; energy balance; glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity; lipid biosynthesis; lipid metabolism; lipoprotein lipase; men; oxidation; prevent; public health relevance; sugar; sweetened beverage

9. Project Summary: Recent studies have demonstrated that consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)- or sucrose-sweetened beverages increased lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for CVD in healthy adults compared with iso-caloric amounts of glucose or low-fat milk. The longest of these studies, which utilized a 6-month intervention, also showed increased liver and muscle TG and increased visceral adipose deposition. Neither of these studies found differences in weight gain between subjects consuming HFCS/sucrose beverages compared with control beverages. These results suggest that it is not just excess calories and weight gain that mediate the effects of dietary sugar/fructose on the development of metabolic disease; rather, dietary sugar per se is also a contributor. However, it is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for metabolic disease in the absence of positive energy balance and weight gain, nor whether the adverse effects of sugar consumption are exacerbated by weight gain. This study will test the overall hypotheses that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk factors for metabolic disease even when consumed with an energy-balanced diet that prevents weight gain, and that risk factors are increased to a greater extent when HFCS-sweetened beverages are consumed in a setting of positive energy balance that results in weight gain. We will also test the hypothesis, that under blinded, controlled, dietary conditions, consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages will increase energy intake and body weight gain more than consumption of aspartame-sweetened beverages. We will measure risk factors and processes associated with metabolic disease in 3 groups of young, healthy adults who will consume 1) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages with an energy-balanced diet; 2) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS- sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet; or 3) aspartame-sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet for 8 weeks. All diets, formulated to achieve a comparable macronutrient intake (55% energy as carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) among all 3 experimental groups, will be provided to the subjects throughout the entire study. We hypothesize that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet will result in adverse metabolic effects, despite the absence of weight gain. Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the ad libitum diet will result in increased energy intake and body weight gain compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages, and will also result in adverse metabolic effects that are more marked than with consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet. These results will demonstrate that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk for metabolic disease both directly, via the adverse effects of fructose on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and indirectly, via the effects of HFCS-sweetened beverages to promote excess energy intake and body weight gain. These findings will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.

9.项目总结： 最近的研究表明，食用高果糖玉米糖浆(HFCS)--或蔗糖--会使人变甜 与等卡路里摄入量相比，饮料增加了健康成年人患心血管疾病的脂/脂蛋白危险因素 葡萄糖或低脂牛奶。这些研究中时间最长的一项，采用了为期6个月的干预，也表明 肝脏和肌肉甘油三酯升高，内脏脂肪沉积增加。这两项研究都没有发现 饮用HFCS/蔗糖饮料的受试者与对照组相比体重增加的差异 饮料。这些结果表明，不只是过量的卡路里和体重增加影响了 膳食糖/果糖对代谢性疾病的发展；相反，膳食糖本身也是一种 贡献者。然而，目前尚不清楚摄入过量糖是否会增加风险。 在没有正能量平衡和体重增加的情况下代谢性疾病的因素，也不是 体重增加加剧了糖摄取的不利影响。这项研究将测试整体 假设食用含HFCS的含糖饮料会增加代谢性疾病的风险因素 当与防止体重增加的能量平衡饮食一起食用时，风险因素增加到 更大程度上，当在正能量平衡的环境下饮用含HFCS的含糖饮料时 会导致体重增加。我们还将检验这一假设，即在盲目的、可控的饮食条件下， 食用含HFCS的含糖饮料将增加能量摄入和体重增加 阿斯巴甜甜味饮料的消费。我们将衡量与以下各项相关的风险因素和流程 3组年轻、健康的成年人的代谢性疾病，他们将消耗1)25%的能量需求 HFCs-能量平衡饮食的含糖饮料；2)能量需求的25%作为HFCS- 含糖饮料和随意饮食；或3)含阿斯巴甜的饮料和随意饮食 8周。所有饮食，配方以达到可比的常量营养素摄入量(碳水化合物占能量的55%， 所有三个试验组中的35%脂肪，15%蛋白质)将在整个过程中提供给受试者 学习。我们假设，摄入含HFCS的含糖饮料和能量平衡的饮食将 导致不利的新陈代谢影响，尽管没有体重增加。食用HFCS-甜味剂 自由饮食的饮料将导致能量摄入增加和体重增加。 含阿斯巴甜的饮料，也会导致不良代谢影响，比 摄入含HFCS的含糖饮料和能量平衡的饮食。这些结果将 证明饮用含HFCS的含糖饮料会增加患代谢性疾病的风险 直接通过果糖对脂肪和碳水化合物代谢的不利影响，以及通过 使用含HFCS的甜味饮料，以促进过量能量摄入和体重增加。这些发现将 有可能影响饮食指南和公共卫生政策。