Adverse metabolic effects of dietary sugar _ Ad libitum vs energy-balanced diets

膳食糖对代谢的不良影响_随意饮食与能量平衡饮食

• 批准号: 9067515
• 负责人: PETER J HAVEL
• 金额: $ 83.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-27 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9067515
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Adult; Adverse effects; Apolipoproteins B; Aspartame; Beverages; Blinded; Body Weight; Calories; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Consumption; Control Groups; Data; Deposition; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Sugars; Energy Intake; Exhibits; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Fructose; Glucose; Guidelines; Health; Health Policy; Hepatic; Intake; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Kinetics; Lead; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Low-Density Lipoproteins; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Milk; Muscle; Plasma; Procedures; Process; Production; Proteins; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sucrose; Testing; Very low density lipoprotein; Visceral; Weight Gain; Woman; blood lipid; carbohydrate metabolism; dietary control; energy balance; glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity; lipid biosynthesis; lipid metabolism; lipoprotein lipase; men; oxidation; prevent; soft drink; sugar; sweetened beverage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent studies have demonstrated that consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)- or sucrose-sweetened beverages increased lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for CVD in healthy adults compared with iso-caloric amounts of glucose or low-fat milk. The longest of these studies, which utilized a 6-month intervention, also showed increased liver and muscle TG and increased visceral adipose deposition. Neither of these studies found differences in weight gain between subjects consuming HFCS/sucrose beverages compared with control beverages. These results suggest that it is not just excess calories and weight gain that mediate the effects of dietary sugar/fructose on the development of metabolic disease; rather, dietary sugar per se is also a contributor. However, it is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for metabolic disease in the absence of positive energy balance and weight gain, nor whether the adverse effects of sugar consumption are exacerbated by weight gain. This study will test the overall hypotheses that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk factors for metabolic disease even when consumed with an energy-balanced diet that prevents weight gain, and that risk factors are increased to a greater extent when HFCS-sweetened beverages are consumed in a setting of positive energy balance that results in weight gain. We will also test the hypothesis, that under blinded, controlled, dietary conditions, consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages will increase energy intake and body weight gain more than consumption of aspartame-sweetened beverages. We will measure risk factors and processes associated with metabolic disease in 3 groups of young, healthy adults who will consume 1) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages with an energy-balanced diet; 2) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS- sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet; or 3) aspartame-sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet for 8 weeks. All diets, formulated to achieve a comparable macronutrient intake (55% energy as carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) among all 3 experimental groups, will be provided to the subjects throughout the entire study. We hypothesize that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet will result in adverse metabolic effects, despite the absence of weight gain. Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the ad libitum diet will result in increased energy intake and body weight gain compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages, and will also result in adverse metabolic effects that are more marked than with consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet. These results will demonstrate that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk for metabolic disease both directly, via the adverse effects of fructose on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and indirectly, via the effects of HFCS-sweetened beverages to promote excess energy intake and body weight gain. These findings will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的研究表明，与等热量的葡萄糖或低脂牛奶相比，食用高果糖玉米糖浆（HFCS）或含蔗糖饮料会增加健康成年人心血管疾病的脂质/脂蛋白风险因素。这些研究中最长的，使用了6个月的干预，也显示肝脏和肌肉TG增加，内脏脂肪沉积增加。这两项研究都没有发现食用高果糖玉米糖浆/蔗糖饮料的受试者与对照组饮料相比体重增加的差异。这些结果表明，不仅仅是过量的卡路里和体重增加介导了膳食糖/果糖对代谢性疾病发展的影响；相反，饮食中的糖本身也是一个因素。然而，目前尚不清楚在缺乏正能量平衡和体重增加的情况下，过量摄入糖是否会增加代谢性疾病的风险因素，也不清楚糖摄入的不良影响是否会因体重增加而加剧。本研究将检验以下假设：饮用含氢氟烃类饮料会增加代谢性疾病的风险因素，即使是在能量平衡的饮食中摄入，也能防止体重增加；在能量正平衡的环境中饮用含氢氟烃类饮料会导致体重增加，风险因素增加的程度更大。我们还将测试一个假设，即在盲法控制的饮食条件下，饮用含氢氟碳化物的饮料会比饮用含阿斯巴甜的饮料更能增加能量摄入和体重增加。我们将在三组年轻健康成年人中测量与代谢性疾病相关的危险因素和过程，他们将消耗1)25%的能量需求作为含氢氟烃类饮料，并保持能量均衡饮食；2) 25%的能量需求为含高果糖玉米糖浆的饮料，饮食随意；3)加了阿斯巴甜的饮料，同时随意饮食8周。在整个研究过程中，将为所有3个实验组的受试者提供所有饮食，以达到相当的宏量营养素摄入量（55%的能量为碳水化合物，35%的脂肪，15%的蛋白质）。我们假设，在能量均衡的饮食中饮用含氢氟碳化物的饮料会导致不良的代谢影响，尽管体重没有增加。与含阿斯巴甜的饮料相比，随意饮用含hfcs的饮料会导致能量摄入增加和体重增加，而且还会导致不良的代谢影响，这种影响比以能量平衡饮食饮用含hfcs的饮料更为明显。这些结果将表明，食用含氢氟烃类饮料会直接增加代谢性疾病的风险，因为果糖会对脂质和碳水化合物代谢产生不利影响，而含氢氟烃类饮料会促进过量的能量摄入和体重增加，这是间接的。这些发现将有可能影响饮食指南和公共卫生政策。