Effects of Fine Particle Composition on Birth Outcomes

细颗粒成分对出生结果的影响

• 批准号: 8625750
• 负责人: Michelle L Bell
• 金额: $ 55.87万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-18 至 2016-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8625750
• 关键词: Address; African American; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Birth; Birth Certificates; Birth Weight; Calcium; Carbon; Characteristics; Chemicals; Complex; Complex Mixtures; Data; Exposure to; Factor Analysis; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fluorescence; Generations; Gestational Age; Health; Heating; Home environment; Hour; Human; Individual; Infant; Infant Health; Infant Mortality; Intervention; Lead; Link; Location; Low Birth Weight Infant; Measures; Meteorological Factors; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor Vehicles; Nickel; Oils; Outcome; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Process; Race; Reaction; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Roentgen Rays; Seasons; Site; Small for Gestational Age Infant; Socioeconomic Status; Sodium; Source; Sulfur; Testing; Very Low Birth Weight Infant; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; anthropogenesis; atmospheric conditions; exhaust; novel strategies; parity; particle; pollutant; primary outcome; sex; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Preterm delivery, low birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA) are major causes of infant mortality and severe morbidity in the U.S. For African Americans, these risks are nearly doubled. Several studies have implicated air pollution, especially particulate matter <2.5mm (PM2.5) as a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. A challenge in this research is that particles vary widely in chemical composition by region and season. Due to lack of scientific evidence on which types of particles are most harmful, particles are regulated by size. We will investigate two aspects of the chemical composition of particles: 1) levels of individual PM2.5 chemical components (e.g., nickel); and 2) levels of PM2.5 from specific sources (e.g. oil combustion), to investigate the relationship between exposure to specific types of particles and birth outcomes. We obtained filters from 8 CT and MA monitoring sites that were used to measure PM2.5 total mass. We will analyze these filters to determine levels of 49 chemical components. This chemical component data will be used in source apportionment modeling to estimate PM2.5 from specific sources (e.g. motor vehicles). Our primary outcomes will be birth weight (continuous), low birth weight <2500 gm, very low birth weight <1500 gm, preterm birth <37 wks, very preterm birth <32 wks, and small for gestational age (<10th percentile weight for gestational age), using CT and MA birth certificate data for births (2001-2006) within 30 km of the monitoring sites (N=213,000). Associations will be assessed between birth outcomes and PM2.5 chemical components (Aim 1) and between birth outcomes and the levels of PM2.5 from particular sources (Aim 2). In Aim 3 we will examine traffic PM2.5 with three exposure methods: 1) the chemical component most associated with traffic from Aim 1; 2) traffic PM2.5 levels from Aim 2; and 3) traffic-related air pollution estimated through a GIS traffic model. In our preliminary studies, risk of low birth weight increased 8-13% per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure to specific PM2.5 components. We will have >90% power to detect a 10% increase in risk of any outcome (including very low birth weight, prevalence 1.5%) associated with an IQR change exposure to a specific PM2.5 component or PM2.5 source. Associations will be investigated in interaction models to test whether effects differ by race. Findings from this study will identify the components or sources of PM2.5 with the greatest impact on birth outcomes and could lead to interventions targeted at the sources most toxic to infant health.

描述（由申请人提供）：早产、低出生体重和小于胎龄儿（SGA）是美国婴儿死亡和严重发病的主要原因。一些研究表明，空气污染，特别是<2.5 mm的颗粒物（PM2.5）是不良出生结果的风险因素。这项研究的一个挑战是，颗粒物的化学成分因地区和季节而异。由于缺乏科学证据证明哪种类型的颗粒最有害，因此颗粒按大小进行调节。我们将研究颗粒物化学成分的两个方面：1）单个PM2.5化学成分的水平（例如，镍）;及2）特定来源（例如燃油燃烧）的PM2.5水平，以研究暴露于特定类型的颗粒物与出生结果之间的关系。我们从8个CT和MA监测点获得用于测量PM2.5总质量的过滤器。我们将分析这些过滤器，以确定49种化学成分的水平。这些化学成分数据将用于源解析建模，以估计特定来源（例如机动车）的PM2.5。我们的主要结果将是出生体重（连续），低出生体重<2500 gm，极低出生体重<1500 gm，早产<37周，极早产<32周，小于胎龄儿（<胎龄体重第10百分位数），使用CT和MA出生证明数据进行出生（2001-2006年）监测点30公里范围内的数据（N= 213，000）。将评估出生结果与PM2.5化学成分之间的关联（目标1），以及出生结果与特定来源的PM2.5水平之间的关联（目标2）。在目标3中，我们将使用三种暴露方法来研究交通PM2.5：1）目标1中与交通最相关的化学成分; 2）目标2中的交通PM2.5水平; 3）通过GIS交通模型估计的交通相关空气污染。在我们的初步研究中，暴露于特定PM2.5成分的四分位数范围（IQR）增加，低出生体重的风险增加8-13%。我们将有>90%的把握度来检测与暴露于特定PM2.5成分或PM2.5源的IQR变化相关的任何结局（包括极低出生体重，患病率1.5%）风险增加10%。将在相互作用模型中研究相关性，以测试效应是否因种族而异。这项研究的结果将确定对出生结果影响最大的PM2.5成分或来源，并可能导致针对对婴儿健康毒性最大的来源的干预措施。