Hazardous Waste Risk and Remediation in the US Southwest

美国西南部的危险废物风险及补救措施

• 批准号: 9303640
• 负责人: Raina M Maier
• 金额: $ 1.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9303640
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Animal Model; Area; Arizona; Arsenic; Biological Models; Biological Preservation; Breathing; Cells; Collection; Communities; Complex; Data; Development; Disadvantaged; Dust; Ecosystem; Effectiveness; Energy Metabolism; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Risk Factor; Environmental Wind; Epigenetic Process; Epithelial; Food; Goals; Hazardous Substances; Hazardous Waste; Health; Health Services; Human; Human Resources; In Vitro; Industry; Ingestion; Institutes; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Mesenchymal; Metabolic; Metals; Minerals; Mining; Mission; Modeling; Movement; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Neonatal; Particulate; Process; Program Research Project Grants; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Science; Site; Soil; Source; Southwestern United States; Superfund; Surface; System; Technology; Time; Toxic effect; Training; Translational Research; Translations; United States; Universities; Water; Weather; Work; attenuation; climate change; contaminant transport; cost effective; evidence base; experience; exposed human population; exposure route; improved; in vivo; innovation; metal poisoning; metaplastic cell transformation; migration; mouse model; pollutant; programs; remediation; role model; success; superfund site; toxicant; wasting

The University of Arizona Superfund Research Program (UA SRP) is investigating the human and environmental risks associated with metal (hardrock) mining in arid environments and developing innovative remediation technologies to limit these risks. There is currently a large knowledge gap regarding mine waste systems in relation to human and environmental health despite the fact that the hardrock mining industry is the largest industrial polluter in the United States and many mining sites have become listed as Superfund sites. Pollutants of concern include arsenic, lead, and many other metals as well as very fine particulates (dusts) that can exacerbate existing health conditions. A majority of hardrock mining takes place in the western United States and other arid and semi-arid parts of the world. A central challenge for arid environments is that exposure routes and the fate of pollutants are different than for areas that receive more rainfall. For example, the wind-borne movement of pollutants associated with dust particulates is much more significant in arid environments. As a result, inhalation and ingestion of dust becomes an important route of exposure. The UA SRP has two biomedical projects that center around defining health impacts of the metal toxicants in mine waste with a focus on arsenic and its effects on cellular energy metabolism and on epithelial to mesenchymal transition in adult primary culture and adult and neonatal mouse model systems. The three environmental projects are focused on characterizing the surface (dust) and subsurface (water) transport and fate of metals associated with mining waste before and after remediation. Information obtained will be used to build conceptual and quantitative models that describe mechanisms of metal toxicity as well as the off-site transport of metal contaminants. These models will contribute to: 1) providing critical information on how arsenic, one of the most prevalent toxicants in mine waste, exerts its effects; and 2) evaluating the effectiveness of surface and subsurface remediation technologies on reducing contaminant transport into surrounding communities and ecosystems. UA SRP researchers work seamlessly with our Research Translation, Community Engagement, and Training Cores to support the dynamic translation of our research to communities adjacent to Superfund sites, federal (EPA, ATSDR) and state (AZ Dept. Environmental Quality, AZ Dept. Health Services) stakeholders, and the mining industry. To further our impact we will continue to develop complementary initiatives, such as the Center for Environmentally Sustainable Mining, an industry-academic cooperative that is allowing us to move research results into the field in real-time. The guiding principle for the UA SRP is to produce innovative research that can advance fundamental science while also contributing to change in industry-wide practices used in mining to improve environment/ecosystem preservation and protection of human health.

亚利桑那大学超级基金研究计划（UA SRP）正在调查人类和环境风险 与干旱环境中的金属（硬岩）开采有关，并开发创新的补救技术， 这些风险。目前，关于矿山废物系统与人类和 尽管硬岩采矿业是美国最大的工业污染者， 许多矿场已被列为超级基金矿场。值得关注的污染物包括砷、铅和许多 其他金属以及极细的颗粒物（粉尘），可能会加剧现有的健康状况。大多数硬石 采矿发生在美国西部和世界其他干旱和半干旱地区。一个核心挑战， 干旱环境的一个重要特点是，污染物的暴露途径和归宿与降雨量较多的地区不同。 例如，与灰尘颗粒相关的污染物的风载运动在干旱地区更为重要。 环境.因此，吸入和摄入粉尘成为一种重要的接触途径。UA SRP有两个 生物医学项目，围绕确定矿山废物中金属毒物对健康的影响，重点是 砷及其对成人原代培养细胞能量代谢和上皮细胞向间质细胞转化的影响 以及成年和新生小鼠模型系统。这三个环境项目的重点是表征 与采矿废物有关的金属在采矿之前和之后的表面（灰尘）和地下（水）迁移和归宿 补救措施所获得的信息将用于建立概念和定量模型， 金属毒性以及金属污染物的场外运输。这些模型将有助于：1）提供关键的 关于砷（矿山废物中最常见的有毒物质之一）如何发挥其作用的信息;以及2）评估 地表和地下修复技术对减少污染物向周围迁移的有效性 社区和生态系统。UA SRP研究人员与我们的研究翻译，社区 参与和培训核心，以支持我们的研究动态翻译到邻近的社区， 超级基金网站，联邦（环保署，ATSDR）和国家（亚利桑那州部。环境质量部，亚利桑那州卫生服务） 利益相关者和采矿业。为了进一步扩大我们的影响，我们将继续制定补充措施， 作为环境可持续采矿中心，这是一个行业和学术合作机构， 研究成果实时进入现场。UA SRP的指导原则是进行创新研究， 推进基础科学，同时也有助于改变采矿业的做法， 保护环境/生态系统和保护人类健康。