Project 9: Phytostabilization of Mine Tailings in the Southwestern

项目9：西南地区尾矿植物稳定化

• 批准号: 7936610
• 负责人: Raina M Maier
• 金额: $ 26.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7936610
• 关键词: Affect; Air Pollution; Amendment; Area; Basic Science; Biological; Biological Availability; Biological Markers; Biological Models; Biomass; Bioremediations; Characteristics; Chemical Structure; Chemicals; Communities; Complex; Compost; Coupled; Development; Disease; Documentation; Ecosystem; Environment; Environmental Wind; Exposure to; Fertility; Food Chain; Germination; Goals; Grant; Growth; Health; Heterogeneity; Human; Island; Laboratories; Literature; Metals; Microbe; Minerals; Mining; Molecular Profiling; Multivariate Analysis; Nutrient; Outcome; Oxides; Particulate; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots; Plants; Population; Precipitation; Process; Production; Reaction; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Role; Route; Seeds; Site; Soil; Solutions; Source; Southwestern United States; Stress; Structure; System; Technology; Time; Tissues; Toxic effect; Translating; Translations; Transplantation; Validation; Water; Weather; cost; cost effective; extreme temperature; metal poisoning; microbial; microbial community; novel; particle; plant growth/development; prevent; remediation; respiratory; response; sound; stressor; success; tool; toxic metal; wasting

Mine tailings disposal sites are prevalent in arid and semiarid regions throughout the world including the US Southwest. Unreclaimed mining wastes generally remain unvegetated for tens to hundreds of years, and exposed tailings can spread over vast areas via wind and water erosion. A combination of factors, including metal toxicity, low organic matter, acidic pH, high salinity, extreme temperatures, low precipitation, and severely stressed microbial communities contribute to this lack of vegetation. For such tailings, wind-borne dispersion is an important exposure route for nearby communities and environmentally sensitive areas. Specifically, tailings are a significant source of air pollution in the form of particulates <10 ¿mu¿m (PM10) and <2.5 ¿mu¿m (PM2.5). Exposure to these particulates has consequences for respiratory and other diseases even in the absence of toxic metals. The fact that many sites additionally contain toxic metals exacerbates the human health impact. A cost effective remedial technology for such sites is phytostabilization, the establishment of a permanent vegetative cover that does not accumulate metals into plant shoot tissues. While of great promise, there is currently little documentation of this technology in accessible scientific literature. The overall goal of this project is to determine how plant-microbe-metal interactions affect the short- and long-term requirements for, and mechanisms of, revegetation of arid mine tailings and to identify the biological and physico-chemical markers that indicate successful remediation. This project focuses on examining field application of phytostabilization while retaining several key basic research questions identified as important for success in the field. Specific objectives include: (1) to translate phytostabilization technology from the greenhouse to the field; (2) to determine if a multi-variate, spatial analysis of initial biophysico-chemical characteristics of mine tailings can serve as a useful predictor of phytostabilization success; (3) to evaluate the progress toward development of a "healthy" soil as a function of time following revegetation of mine tailings; and (4) to determine the influence of microbial inocula on phytostabilization including plant biomass production and development of the rhizosphere community.

尾矿处置场普遍存在于世界各地的干旱和半干旱地区，包括美国西南部。未经回收的采矿废料通常在数十至数百年内都没有植被，暴露的尾矿可能会通过风和水的侵蚀而扩散到大片地区。金属毒性、低有机质、酸性pH、高盐度、极端温度、低降水量和受到严重压力的微生物群落等多种因素共同导致了植被的缺乏。对于此类尾矿，风传播扩散是附近社区和环境敏感地区的重要暴露途径。 具体而言，尾矿是<10微米（PM10）和<2.5微米（PM2.5）颗粒物形式的空气污染的重要来源。即使没有有毒金属，接触这些颗粒也会导致呼吸道疾病和其他疾病。许多场所还含有有毒金属，这一事实加剧了对人类健康的影响。对于这些地点，一种经济高效的补救技术是植物稳定化，即建立永久的植物覆盖层，不会将金属积累到植物芽组织中。虽然这项技术前景广阔，但目前在可访问的科学文献中很少有关于这项技术的记录。该项目的总体目标是确定植物-微生物-金属相互作用如何影响干旱尾矿重新植被的短期和长期要求和机制，并确定表明修复成功的生物和物理化学标记。该项目侧重于研究植物稳定化的现场应用，同时保留被认为对该领域成功至关重要的几个关键基础研究问题。具体目标包括：（1）转化植物稳定化 从温室到田间的技术； (2) 确定尾矿初始生物物理化学特征的多变量空间分析是否可以作为植物稳定成功的有用预测因子； (3) 评估尾矿重新植被后“健康”土壤发展的进展情况，作为时间的函数； (4) 确定微生物接种物对植物稳定性的影响，包括植物生物量生产和根际群落发展。