Sensorimotor transformations in phonological working memory

语音工作记忆中的感觉运动转换

• 批准号: 8908786
• 负责人: Jonathan D Breshears
• 金额: $ 5.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8908786
• 关键词: Acoustics; Aphasia; Area; Auditory; Auditory Hallucination; Auditory area; Base of the Brain; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Communication impairment; Complex; Cues; Data; Development; Developmental Stuttering; Disease; Dorsal; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Epilepsy; Feedback; Fellowship; Frequencies; Gestures; Human; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Left; Length; Limes; Maintenance; Maps; Memory; Methods; Motor; Operative Surgical Procedures; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Perception; Performance; Phase; Population Analysis; Process; Production; Property; Refractory; Resolution; Role; Seizures; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Development; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Stream; Surface; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; awake; base; brain computer interface; density; frontal lobe; insight; millimeter; millisecond; neurobehavioral; neuromechanism; phonology; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; sound; speech processing; temporal measurement; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study will investigate the sensorimotor transformation between auditory and articulatory neural representations of speech during phonological short-term memory. This transformation, which is also essential in speech feedback control for error correction, speech development, and simple repetition, is thought to occur in area Spt (Sylvian-parietal-temporal) of the dominant posterior planum temporale, however the detailed neural mechanisms have not been fully elucidated and a recent claim for bi-hemispheric sensorimotor integration as been made. In this study, high-density direct cortical recordings, or electrocorticography (ECoG), will be obtained from the peri-Sylvian frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes in awake, behaving humans. These subjects are undergoing surgical treatment for medically refractory epilepsy with electrodes implanted for seizure foci localization. By employing multiple behavioral and computational approaches, this study will 1) localize sensorimotor transformations in phonological short-term memory and 2) determine the mechanism of these phonological sensorimotor transformations. During a repetition task, subjects will be acoustically presented with words and pseudo-words of variable load (ranging from 1 to 9 syllables), or spectrally matched non-speech sounds. After a delay period of variable length (range 2 to 15 seconds), subjects will be cued to overtly repeat the stimulus. Spectrotemporal analysis of lime-locked ECoG signals will identify cortical areas involved and tier sequence of activation. Functional connectivity and directed transfer function analysis will explore interactions between cortical areas and test the hypothesis that a `phonological loop' underlies short- term maintenance of phonologic information. Neurobehavioral correlations between behavioral parameters (performance), experimental parameters (stimulus load, delay duration, word versus pseudo-word versus non- speech), and neural parameters (activation strength, cortical network connectivity, information flow directionality) will identify those cortial areas involved in maintenance of phonologic information. By analyzing neural state-space trajectories with high temporal resolution we will test a hypothesized mechanism for phonological sensorimotor transformation. Elucidating the neural mechanisms of sensorimotor integration in the context of the phonological loop will add to our knowledge of how and where the brain performs this vital transformation. This will lead to a better understanding of disorders such as conductive aphasia and developmental stuttering, which are thought to be disorders of sensorimotor integration. Additionally, understanding this transformation may lead to development of better speech-based brain-computer interfaces.

 描述(申请人提供)：这项研究将调查语音的听觉和发音神经表征在语音短期记忆过程中的感觉运动转换。这种转换在语音反馈控制、纠错、语音发育和简单重复中也是必不可少的，被认为发生在优势后平面的SPT(侧-顶-颞区)，但详细的神经机制尚未完全阐明，最近提出了双半球感觉运动整合的主张。在这项研究中，高密度的直接皮质记录，或称皮层脑电图术(ECoG)，将从清醒、行为正常的人类的额叶、顶叶和颞叶周围获得。这些受试者正在接受手术治疗难治性癫痫，植入电极用于癫痫灶定位。通过运用多种行为和计算方法，本研究将1)定位语音短时记忆中的感觉运动转换，2)确定这些语音感觉运动转换的机制。在重复任务中，受试者将在听觉上被呈现不同负荷的词和伪词(从1到9个音节)，或者频谱匹配的非语音声音。在一个可变长度的延迟期(范围2到15秒)之后，受试者将被提示公开重复刺激。对石灰锁定的ECoG信号的频谱分析将识别涉及的皮质区域和激活的层级序列。功能连通性和定向传递函数分析将探索大脑皮层区域之间的相互作用，并检验“语音环路”是语音信息短期维持的基础的假设。行为参数(操作)、实验参数(刺激负荷、延迟时间、词对伪词与非语音)和神经参数(激活强度、皮层网络连通性、信息流方向性)之间的神经行为相关性将识别参与语音信息维持的大脑皮层区域。通过分析高时间分辨率的神经状态空间轨迹，我们将检验一种假想的语音感觉运动转换机制。在音系环的背景下阐明感觉运动整合的神经机制将增加我们对大脑如何以及在哪里执行这一重要转换的知识。这将导致对疾病的更好的理解 如传导性失语和发育性口吃，被认为是感觉运动整合障碍。此外，了解这种转变可能会导致更好的基于语音的脑机接口的开发。