Testing a Smartphone Breathalyzer and BAC Estimator in Young Adult Heavy Drinkers

在年轻成年酗酒者中测试智能手机呼气分析仪和 BAC 估算器

• 批准号: 9282848
• 负责人: ROBERT F LEEMAN
• 金额: $ 16.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-02-01 至 2018-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9282848
• 关键词: Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes; Beer; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Blood alcohol level measurement; Cellular Phone; Cognitive; Conscious; Counseling; Data; Devices; Disincentive; Educational process of instructing; Female; Frequencies; Future; Health Technology; Heavy Drinking; Hour; Intervention; Laboratories; Lead; Measurement; Monitor; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prevalence; Professional counselor; Public Health; Randomized; Reading; Research; Sampling; Self Administration; Self-Administered; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Text; Time; Weight; Woman; alcohol effect; alcohol intervention; alcohol use disorder; base; brief intervention; design; drinking; experience; heavy drinking young adult; interest; preference; primary outcome; problem drinker; protective effect; public health relevance; sex; tool; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are techniques used to limit alcohol use and/or curtail related negative consequences. While PBS use is generally associated with more moderate drinking, some strategies may have stronger protective effects than others. These findings along with mixed results from studies of PBS- focused interventions suggest there may be limitations in the ways counselors have taught PBS and/or ways young adults implement them. Limited use of concrete tools to facilitate PBS use may be one such limitation. Technology-based tools (TBTs) have 2 advantages for PBS use: 1) young adults are interested in technology for health purposes; 2) they are skilled at technology use. Smartphone applications (apps) are promising but under-researched. Apps that facilitate lowering of blood alcohol content (BAC) would be particularly valuable. We will compare 2 BAC monitoring apps with a phone-based drink counting control condition as adjuncts to BAC-focused counseling for efficacy in reducing alcohol self-administration. One app is a breathalyzer that produces accurate readings using a device that snaps onto a smartphone. A second app yields BAC estimates based on sex, weight, time elapsed and number of drinks. While the breathalyzer app provides high accuracy, some young adults could be self-conscious about blowing into a device. Between-subjects, we will randomize heavy drinking young adults (N = 99) to brief counseling plus 1 of 3 TBTs (breathalyzer, BAC estimator, control condition), which they will use during a 3-hour laboratory alcohol self-administration period. Pay reductions based on poor performance on cognitive/psychomotor tasks sensitive to alcohol effects provide a disincentive for excessive drinking during the drinking session. Participants may avoid pay reductions with help of a TBT. Peak estimated BAC and number of drinks consumed during the 3 hours will be the primary outcomes. After the drinking session, participants will be given all 3 TBTs to use on their own in the field for 2 weeks to assess alcohol drinking while each TBT is used; preference for and acceptability of each TBT as exploratory aims. Laboratory alcohol self-administration paradigms, while used often to test medications, have been under- utilized in testing behavioral interventions. Lab paradigms offer advantages in the study of PBS, including direct measurement of PBS use and its relation to alcohol consumption with reduced emphasis on self-report. We hypothesize that participants randomized to either BAC-related app condition will administer significantly fewer beers and reach lower peak estimated BAC in an alcohol drinking session, compared to a drink counting control condition. We will also compare the 3 TBTs on participants' ratings of acceptability and likelihood of future use between-subjects, based on their experiences during the session and within-subjects, based on their experiences during the 2-week field use period. We will also test for interactions by sex for all outcomes. BAC-related apps could lead to large decreases in drinking with minimal effort. Potential public health impact is substantial due to prevalence of alcohol use disorders and infrequent treatment seeking in this population.

 描述（由申请人提供）：保护性行为策略（PBS）是用于限制饮酒和/或减少相关负面后果的技术。虽然 PBS 的使用通常与适度饮酒有关，但某些策略可能比其他策略具有更强的保护作用。这些发现以及 PBS 重点干预研究的混合结果表明，辅导员教授 PBS 的方式和/或年轻人实施这些干预措施的方式可能存在局限性。限制使用具体工具来促进 PBS 的使用可能就是这样的限制之一。基于技术的工具（TBT）对于 PBS 的使用有 2 个优势：1）年轻人对用于健康目的的技术感兴趣； 2）他们善于技术运用。智能手机应用程序（apps）前景广阔，但研究不足。有助于降低血液酒精含量 (BAC) 的应用程序将特别有价值。我们将比较 2 个 BAC 监测应用程序与基于手机的饮酒计数控制条件，作为以 BAC 为重点的咨询的辅助手段，以提高减少自我饮酒的功效。其中一个应用程序是呼吸分析仪，它使用可卡接到智能手机上的设备来生成准确的读数。第二个应用程序根据性别、体重、经过的时间和饮酒次数生成 BAC 估计值。虽然呼气分析仪应用程序提供了很高的准确度，但一些年轻人可能会对向设备吹气感到不自在。在受试者之间，我们将随机分配重度饮酒的年轻人 (N = 99) 进行简短咨询以及 3 个 TBT（呼吸分析仪、BAC 估计器、控制条件）中的 1 个，他们将在 3 小时的实验室酒精自我管理期间使用这些 TBT。由于对酒精影响敏感的认知/精神运动任务表现不佳而减薪，从而抑制了饮酒期间的过度饮酒。参与者可以在 TBT 的帮助下避免减薪。估计的 BAC 峰值和 3 小时内饮用的饮料数量将是主要结果。饮酒环节结束后，参与者将获得全部 3 个 TBT，让其在现场自行使用 2 周，以在使用每个 TBT 的同时评估饮酒情况；对每个 TBT 作为探索性目标的偏好和可接受性。实验室酒精自我管理范式虽然经常用于测试药物，但在测试行为干预方面却没有得到充分利用。实验室范式在 PBS 研究中具有优势，包括直接测量 PBS 的使用及其与酒精消耗的关系，同时减少对自我报告的重视。我们假设，与饮酒计数控制条件相比，随机分配到 BAC 相关应用条件的参与者在饮酒过程中喝的啤酒量明显减少，并且达到较低的估计 BAC 峰值。我们还将根据参与者在会议期间的经验和受试者内部（根据他们在 2 周现场使用期间的经验）对受试者之间的可接受性和未来使用的可能性进行评级，比较 3 个 TBT。我们还将测试性别互动的所有结果。 BAC 相关应用程序可以通过最小的努力大幅减少饮酒量。由于该人群普遍存在酒精使用障碍且很少寻求治疗，因此潜在的公共健康影响是巨大的。