Genetic and physiological mechanisms of temperature detection and compensation

描述（由申请人提供）：所有动物都生活在不断变化的环境中，因此会受到温度等关键环境因素的波动。鉴于所有生物化学反应在一定程度上都对温度敏感，因此对动物来说，补偿这些温度变化以保持稳定的内部条件尤为重要。为了做到这一点，动物必须能够检测到微小的温度变化，然后触发适当的自我平衡补偿机制。迄今为止，研究的分子和神经元的基础上的温度检测和热传导，以及生理机制的温度适应和补偿，主要是追求作为独立的调查路线。为了充分了解动物如何对温度变化作出适当的反应，必须将这些知识问题放在一起进行整体研究。在这个项目中，我们汇集了在温度检测和温度补偿问题方面经验丰富的研究人员，询问动物如何检测温度变化并将此信息转化为神经元功能的补偿变化，以保持行为稳健性。这一建议的一个特殊优势是在多个系统中探索这些问题的研究人员之间的协同作用;这种多样性将阐明可以推广到其他物种的共同基本原则。这里提出的总体问题是： 1)动物探测温度变化的分子机制是什么？ 2)编码温度变化信息的神经机制是什么？ 3)电机程序如何补偿温度波动？ 4)是什么定义了这些自我平衡机制运作范围的界限？ 5)物种间温度检测和补偿的共同原理是什么？

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): All animals live in constantly changing environments and are, therefore, subjected to fluctuations in critical environmental cues such as temperature. Given that all biochemical reactions are temperature sensitive to a certain extent, it is particularly critical for animals to compensate for these temperature changes in order to maintain steady internal conditions. In order to do so, animals must be able to detect small temperature changes and then trigger the appropriate homeostatic compensatory mechanisms. To date, research into the molecular and neuronal basis of temperature detection and thermotransduction, and the physiological mechanisms of temperature adaptation and compensation, have largely been pursued as independent lines of investigation. To obtain a full understanding of how animals respond appropriately to temperature changes, these intellectual issues must be brought together and studied as a whole. In this Program Project grant we bring together researchers experienced in issues of temperature detection and temperature compensation to ask how animals detect temperature changes and translate this information to effect compensatory changes in neuron function to maintain behavioral robustness. A particular strength of this proposal is the synergy among investigators exploring these issues in multiple systems; this diversity will elucidate common underlying principles that can be generalized ID other species. The overall questions being asked here are: 1) What are the molecular mechanisms by which animals detect temperature changes? 2) What are the neuronal mechanisms that encode information about temperature changes? 3) How do motor programs compensate for temperature fluctuations? 4) What defines the limits of the range in which these homeostatic mechanisms operate? 5) What are the common principles of temperature detection and compensation among species?