Genetic and physiological mechanisms of temperature detection and compensation

描述（由申请人提供）：所有动物都生活在不断变化的环境中，因此受到关键环境因素（如温度）的波动的影响。鉴于所有的生化反应都在一定程度上对温度敏感，因此对动物来说，补偿这些温度变化以保持稳定的内部条件尤为重要。为了做到这一点，动物必须能够检测到微小的温度变化，然后触发适当的体内平衡补偿机制。迄今为止，对温度检测和热转导的分子和神经元基础以及温度适应和补偿的生理机制的研究在很大程度上是作为独立的研究方向进行的。为了充分了解动物如何对温度变化作出适当的反应，这些智力问题必须综合起来作为一个整体来研究。在这个项目中，我们汇集了在温度检测和温度补偿问题上经验丰富的研究人员，研究动物如何检测温度变化，并将这些信息转化为神经元功能的代偿变化，以保持行为的稳健性。该提案的一个特别优势是在多个系统中探索这些问题的研究人员之间的协同作用；这种多样性将阐明共同的基本原则，可以推广到其他物种。这里提出的总体问题是：

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): All animals live in constantly changing environments and are, therefore, subjected to fluctuations in critical environmental cues such as temperature. Given that all biochemical reactions are temperature sensitive to a certain extent, it is particularly critical for animals to compensate for these temperature changes in order to maintain steady internal conditions. In order to do so, animals must be able to detect small temperature changes and then trigger the appropriate homeostatic compensatory mechanisms. To date, research into the molecular and neuronal basis of temperature detection and thermotransduction, and the physiological mechanisms of temperature adaptation and compensation, have largely been pursued as independent lines of investigation. To obtain a full understanding of how animals respond appropriately to temperature changes, these intellectual issues must be brought together and studied as a whole. In this Program Project grant we bring together researchers experienced in issues of temperature detection and temperature compensation to ask how animals detect temperature changes and translate this information to effect compensatory changes in neuron function to maintain behavioral robustness. A particular strength of this proposal is the synergy among investigators exploring these issues in multiple systems; this diversity will elucidate common underlying principles that can be generalized ID other species. The overall questions being asked here are: 1) What are the molecular mechanisms by which animals detect temperature changes? 2) What are the neuronal mechanisms that encode information about temperature changes? 3) How do motor programs compensate for temperature fluctuations? 4) What defines the limits of the range in which these homeostatic mechanisms operate? 5) What are the common principles of temperature detection and compensation among species?