Adverse health effects of shift work

 描述(申请人提供)：关于怀孕期间轮班工作可能对母亲的孩子造成的潜在伤害，存在相当大的不确定性，但在怀孕期间上夜班工作目前在美国是一个既定的现实。我们之前已经在护士健康研究2(NHS2)中将工作时间安排与自然流产和临产的风险增加联系在一起，特别是那些涉及夜班的工作时间安排。现在，我们建议继续我们的工作，研究胚胎和胎儿在轮班工作中的暴露如何影响他们以后的健康和慢性病风险。我们将利用一个全球独一无二的资源，它提供了关于母亲和她们的子女的关键信息，包括怀孕期间的职业轮班工作暴露：利用正在进行的NHS2队列和今日成长研究(GUTS)的现有数据，即参与NHS2的护士的孩子，我们将调查以下三个主要假设：(1)倒班工作(怀孕前和怀孕期间)会导致子女的生长障碍和心理健康改变，这可能会如何影响一生中的疾病风险？(2)睡眠参数恶化，包括年轻成人夜间褪黑激素分泌减少和醒来时皮质醇增加，是否与这种早期生活暴露有关？以及(3)我们能否定义关键的发育窗口(例如，预产期、胚胎期和胎儿期)，在这些窗口期间，轮班工作可能会影响慢性疾病的病因学。我们拥有所有27,795名儿童的NHS2母亲的完整终身轮班工作史，其中3,740名儿童的母亲还提供了怀孕期间的轮班工作史。为了与2020年健康人保持一致，这项提案涉及所有Nora部门计划以及跨部门计划“工作组织和压力相关障碍”以及“癌症、生殖和心血管疾病”。具体地说，我们的提案致力于探索夜班是否会使工人的后代面临更高的疾病风险。我们提议的研究的预期直接产出是出版物、演示文稿/海报。中期成果将通过显示引用我们工作的新政策来跟踪。我们将通过同行评议的文献和科学会议将我们的发现传播给其他科学家。然而，我们的主要目标受众是工人-因此，我们将通过我们的护士健康研究2工作人员与护士进行交流，以及通过NIOSH的工作人员使用网站、时事通讯和社交媒体与其他工作人员进行交流。我们建议的研究例证了将研究转化为实践(R2P)，因为它可能导致孕妇工作实践的实际变化。归根结底，这是一种潜在的高度有效的预防做法，可以很容易地被任何其他工作场所采用。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Considerable uncertainty exists about the potential harm that shift work during pregnancy may impose on a mom's child, yet working night shifts during pregnancy is currently an established reality in the US. We have previously linked work schedules, particularly those involving night shifts, with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and delivering pre-tem in the Nurses' Health Study 2 (NHS2). Now, we propose to continue our work by examining how exposure of the embryo and fetus to shift work may affect their health and chronic disease risk later in life. We will make use of a worldwide unique resource, which provides critical information on both moms and their offspring, including occupational shift work exposure during pregnancy: using existing data from the ongoing NHS2 cohort and Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), i.e. children of the nurses participating in NHS2, we will investigate the following 3 major hypotheses: (1) can shift work (prior to conception as well as during pregnancy) induce growth perturbations and altered mental health in the offspring, and how may this influence disease risk across the lifespan? (2) are worsened sleep parameters including lower overnight production of melatonin and higher awakening cortisol in young adulthood associated with such early life exposures? and (3) can we define critical developmental windows (e.g., preconception, embryonic, and fetal periods) during which shift work may influence chronic disease etiology. We have complete lifetime shift work history of the NHS2 moms of all 27,795 children in GUTS, 3,740 children whose moms additionally provided shift work history during pregnancy. In alignment with Healthy People 2020, this proposal addresses all NORA Sector Programs as well as the cross- sector programs "Work Organization and Stress Related Disorders", and "Cancer, Reproductive and Cardiovascular Diseases". Specifically, our proposal strives to explore whether night shifts may expose offspring of workers to heightened risk for disorders. Expected immediate outputs of our proposed research are publications, presentations/posters. Intermediate outcomes will be tracked by showing new policies that cite our work. We will disseminate our findings to other scientists through the peer-reviewed literature and scientific conferences. However, our primary target audience is workers - hence, we will communicate to nurses by our Nurses' Health Study 2 staff, as well as to other workers through the staff at NIOSH, using websites, newsletters, and social media presence. Our proposed research exemplifies the translation of research into practice (r2P) in that it may lead to actual changes in work practice for pregnant women. Ultimately, this is a potentially highly effective prevention practice, which can readily be adopte by any other workplace.