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Neurophysiology of cognitive development and response inhibition

认知发展和反应抑制的神经生理学

基本信息

批准号：
9750807
负责人：
CHRISTOS CONSTANTINIDIS
金额：
$ 40.22万
依托单位：
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-25 至 2023-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9750807
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Behavior Adult Anatomy Animals Appearance Area Attention Deficit Disorder Basal Ganglia Behavior Behavior assessment Behavioral Biological Cognitive Cohort Effect Development Diffusion Eye Movements Failure Fiber Goals Health Human Knowledge Lateral Link Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Mediating Mental disorders Methodology Modeling Monkeys Mood Disorders Motor Neurobiology Neurons Performance Physiological Physiology Prefrontal Cortex Primates Process Psychopathology Puberty Reaction Time Research Saccades Schizophrenia Stimulus Structure Task Performances Testing Thalamic structure Time Training Variant Vertebrates cognitive ability cognitive control cognitive development cognitive function cognitive process cohort emerging adult executive function experimental study improved insight juvenile animal mature animal myelination neurophysiology nonhuman primate psychologic relating to nervous system response sample fixation social social implication vector visual stimulus white matter young adult

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY We will investigate the neural substrates of the maturation of response inhibition between the time of adolescence and adulthood. Response inhibition is thought to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex, a cortical area greatly expanded in primates compared to other vertebrates, which undergoes a long maturation process that mirrors the development of higher cognitive functions after adolescence. A number of mental illnesses have onsets linked to the maturation of the prefrontal cortex, most notably schizophrenia, which manifests itself in early adulthood. Executive function also improves in adulthood, and inadequate development of this capacity is associated with delinquency and other conditions of health and social significance. Little is known about the physiological changes that the prefrontal cortex undergoes in adolescence so as to mediate improved cognitive control. Taking advantage of recent methodological and conceptual advances, we propose to investigate the changes of prefrontal cortical physiology and anatomical connectivity that occur after puberty. We propose to use a non-human primate model that will allow us to conduct behavioral assessments, neurophysiological recordings, and MR imaging in the prefrontal cortex of developing animals and controls. Our study will make use behavioral tasks that test response inhibition. We will rely primarily on the anti-saccade task which requires subjects to make an eye movement in the opposite direction of a visual stimulus, thus resisting the pre-potent stimulus. Experiments will record neuronal activity related to task performance to understand what neural variables maturate after the onset of puberty. These experiments will offer insights on how development of the prefrontal cortex alters its physiological responses, findings that will be essential for understanding and treating mental illnesses thought to be associated with a failure of prefrontal cortical maturation.

项目总结我们将研究反应抑制成熟的神经底物在青春期和成年期。反应抑制被认为是由前额叶皮质，一种皮质与其他脊椎动物相比，灵长类的面积大大扩大，经历了一个漫长的成熟过程这反映了青春期后高级认知功能的发展。一些精神疾病发病与前额叶皮质的成熟有关，最明显的是精神分裂症，它本身就表现出来在成年初期。执行功能在成年后也有所改善，但这种能力的发展不足与犯罪和其他具有健康和社会意义的条件有关。人们对此知之甚少青春期前额叶皮质为调节认知改善而经历的生理变化控制力。利用最新的方法和概念上的进展，我们建议研究青春期后发生的前额叶皮质生理学和解剖连接的变化。我们建议使用非人类灵长类动物模型，将允许我们进行行为评估、神经生理学以及发育中的动物和对照组的前额叶皮质的mr成像。我们的研究将使使用测试反应抑制的行为任务。我们将主要依靠反扫视任务，这需要受试者使眼睛朝着与视觉刺激相反的方向运动，从而抵抗先发制人刺激。实验将记录与任务表现相关的神经元活动，以了解哪些神经变数在青春期开始后成熟。这些实验将提供关于如何发展的洞察前额叶皮质改变其生理反应，这一发现对理解和治疗至关重要被认为与前额叶皮质成熟失败有关的精神疾病。