Parental Depression and the Early Origins of Disease Across Three Generations.

项目摘要 在美国，超过1500万儿童与抑郁的父母生活在一起。父母的抑郁症 与儿童在整个发展过程中的负面社会，情感和行为结果相关，但很少 众所周知，青少年接触父母抑郁症后可能对身体健康产生影响。 此外，现有的研究往往依赖于父母心理健康的回顾性报告，通常包括 只有一次家长症状评估然而，父母的抑郁症并不是一个静止的事件， 研究未能捕捉到在患有抑郁症的父母中经常观察到的症状的波动。拟议 研究利用了对391名非洲裔美国人父母（第一代[G1]）进行的纵向研究， 他们的孩子（第2代[G2]）从孩子11岁开始，一直持续到25岁。这些 青年在整个发展过程中面临着具有挑战性的社会和经济环境， 同样，他们面临着广泛的压力源，这些压力源增加了他们患抑郁症的风险。的可用性 这一特征鲜明的农村非裔美国家庭样本提供了一个独特的机会，调查 父母在童年和青春期10年内的抑郁如何预测 年轻人早期患慢性衰老疾病（CDA;炎症，代谢综合征）的风险 成年此外，大约一半的G2青年现在有自己的孩子（第三代[G3]）， 目前尚未参与正在进行的研究。我们建议用这新一代产品收集试验数据 的后代。这项数据收集将使我们能够开始调查父母抑郁症在一个 一代人可以影响后代的发展，即使环境影响 随着时间的推移而改变。我们建议研究G1父母抑郁轨迹如何预测G2后代 抑郁症和CDA前体在成年早期（目的1）。然后，我们将研究潜在的调解人（例如， 家庭环境）和主持人（例如，后代的自我控制，外部支持），这可能会改变程度 父母抑郁轨迹的波动与G2 CDA前体相关（Aim 2）。 最后，我们将收集60个G3后代的试点数据，以研究健康的社会决定因素 跨代传播（目标3）。该试点项目将作为一项探索性调查， 计划对健康差距的代际传递进行更大规模的研究。该提案测试 围绕父母抑郁和不支持的家庭环境可能 影响儿童的跨代发展。本提案的结果可用于告知 旨在改善儿童福祉的干预措施，并确定自然发生的因素， 保护青年免受不良后果的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY Over 15 million children in the United States live with a depressed parent. Parental depression has been associated with negative social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes for children across development, but little is known about the possible physical health consequences for youth following exposure to parental depression. Further, existing research often relies on retrospective reports of parental mental health and typically includes only one assessment of parents' symptoms. Parental depression is not a static event, however, and these studies fail to capture the fluctuations in symptoms often observed in parents with depression. The proposed research capitalizes on an ongoing longitudinal study of 391 African American parents (Generation 1 [G1]) and their children (Generation 2 [G2]) starting when children were 11 years of age and continuing to age 25. These youth have faced challenging social and economic environments across development, and their parents similarly have faced wide-ranging stressors that increased their risk for depressive symptoms. The availability of this well characterized sample of rural African American families presents a unique opportunity to investigate the ways in which parental depression over a 10-year period across childhood and adolescence predicts youths' risk for precursors to chronic diseases of aging (CDAs; inflammation, metabolic syndrome) in early adulthood. Further, approximately half of the G2 youth now have children (Generation 3 [G3]) of their own, who to date have not been involved in the ongoing study. We propose to collect pilot data with this new generation of offspring. This data collection will allow us to start investigating the possibility that parental depression in one generation could influence development in subsequent generations, even when environmental influences change over time. We propose to examine how G1 parental depression trajectories predict G2 offspring depression and CDA precursors in early adulthood (Aim 1). Then, we will examine potential mediators (e.g., family environments) and moderators (e.g., offspring self-control, external supports) that may alter the degree to which fluctuations in parental depression trajectories are associated with G2 CDA precursors (Aim 2). Finally, we will collect pilot data on 60 G3 offspring to examine the ways in which social determinants of health are transmitted across generations (Aim 3). This pilot project will serve as an exploratory investigation to aid in planning for a larger study of the intergenerational transmission of health disparities. This proposal tests questions surrounding the possibility that parental depression and unsupportive family environments could influence children's development across generations. Findings from this proposal could be used to inform interventions designed to improve children's well being and to identify naturally occurring factors that could protect youth from adverse outcomes.