Parent-Adolescent Relationships, Distress Tolerance, and Adolescent HIV-Risk

描述（由申请人提供）：美国每年有超过40，000人被诊断患有HIV（CDC，2004），尽管新诊断病例的数量在广大人群中有所下降，但年轻人的HIV感染率保持不变（CDC，2001）。大量的研究表明，酒精和毒品使用是两种冒险行为，使个人处于感染艾滋病毒的风险之中（例如，Kotchick，Shaffer，米勒，& Forehand，2001; Lynch，Krantz，Russell，Homberger，&货车Ness，2000; Repetti，Taylor，& Seeman，2002）.青少年特别容易通过这些途径感染艾滋病毒，因为他们倾向于从事冒险行为，无法考虑长期后果（Bailey，Camlin，& Ennett，1998; Bartlett et al.，1995; Boyer，2006; CDC，2005;霍夫曼，Klein，Eber，&克罗斯比，2000; Peterson & DiClemente，2000）。因此，了解是什么使某些青少年比其他人更有可能从事冒险行为对艾滋病毒预防计划的发展具有重要意义。 在拟议的研究中，我将检查两个因素，已与青少年的冒险行为，包括冲突的父母与青少年的关系和青少年的痛苦容忍。该项目是一个尝试，以确定，第一次，观察到的父母与青少年的互动，痛苦的容忍度和冒险行为之间的联系。因此，拟议的研究有三个目的：（a）检查观察到的父母-青少年冲突和青少年冒险行为之间的联系，（B）以确定是否苦恼容忍调解观察到的父母-青少年冲突和青少年冒险行为之间的拟议的联系，和（c）以确定苦恼容忍是否缓和观察到的父母-青少年冲突和青少年冒险行为之间的拟议的联系。 父母和青少年将参与一项互动任务，在这项任务中，他们讨论经常出现分歧的话题。研究助理将接受使用编码技术的培训，以便在父母与青少年的讨论中描述冲突的特点。青少年将报告他们的冒险行为，他们将参加一个痛苦的容忍任务。这些方法将被用来研究青少年时期父母与青少年之间的冲突，痛苦容忍和危险行为之间的联系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over 40,000 individuals in the United States are diagnosed with HIV each year (CDC, 2004), and though the number of newly diagnosed cases has declined in the broad population, rates of HIV infection of young adults remains constant (CDC, 2001). A large body of research suggests that alcohol and drug use are two risk-taking behaviors that place individuals at risk for HIV infection (e.g., Kotchick, Shaffer, Miller, & Forehand, 2001; Lynch, Krantz, Russell, Homberger, & Van Ness, 2000; Repetti, Taylor, & Seeman, 2002). Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to contracting HIV through these pathways because of their propensity to engage in risk-taking behaviors and inability to consider long-term consequences (Bailey, Camlin, & Ennett, 1998; Bartlett et al., 1995; Boyer, 2006; CDC, 2005; Hoffman, Klein, Eber, & Crosby, 2000; Peterson & DiClemente, 2000). Thus, understanding what makes certain adolescents more likely than others to engage in risk-taking behaviors has important implications for the development of HIV prevention programs. In the proposed study, I will examine two factors that have been linked to adolescent risk-taking behavior, including conflict in the parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent distress tolerance. The proposed project is an attempt to determine, for the first time, connections among observed parent- adolescent interactions, distress tolerance, and risk-taking behavior. Thus, the proposed study has three aims: (a) to examine the connection between observed parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking behaviors, (b) to determine whether distress tolerance mediates the proposed link between observed parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking behaviors, and (c) to determine whether distress tolerance moderates the proposed link between observed parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Parents and adolescents will participate in an interaction task in which they discuss topics of frequent disagreement. Research assistants will be trained to use coding techniques in order to characterize the conflict during the parent-adolescent discussion. Adolescents will report about their risk-taking behaviors, and they will participate in a distress tolerance task. These methods will be used to examine links among parent-adolescent conflict, distress tolerance, and risky behavior in adolescence.