Parent-Adolescent Relationships, Distress Tolerance, and Adolescent HIV-Risk

描述(由申请人提供)：美国每年有40,000多人被诊断为艾滋病毒携带者(CDC，2004)，尽管广大人口中新诊断病例的数量有所下降，但年轻人的艾滋病毒感染率保持不变(CDC，2001)。大量研究表明，酒精和吸毒是使个人面临艾滋病毒感染风险的两种冒险行为(例如，Kotchick，Shaffer，Miller，&Forward，2001；Lynch，Krantz，Russell，Homberger，&Van Ness，2000；Repetti，Taylor，&Seeman，2002)。青少年特别容易通过这些途径感染艾滋病毒，因为他们倾向于从事冒险行为，并且无法考虑长期后果(Bailey，Camlin，&Ennett，1998；Bartlett等，1995；Boyer，2006；CDC，2005；Hoffman，Klein，Eber，&Crosby，2000；Peterson&DiClemente，2000)。因此，了解是什么使某些青少年比其他青少年更有可能从事冒险行为，这对制定艾滋病毒预防计划具有重要意义。 在这项拟议的研究中，我将研究与青少年冒险行为有关的两个因素，包括父母与青少年关系中的冲突和青少年对痛苦的容忍度。这项拟议的项目是首次尝试确定观察到的父母-青少年互动、痛苦耐受性和冒险行为之间的联系。因此，这项研究有三个目的：(A)检验观察到的亲子冲突与青少年冒险行为之间的联系；(B)确定痛苦容忍度是否中介了所观察到的亲子冲突与青少年冒险行为之间的拟议联系；以及(C)确定痛苦容忍度是否缓和了所观察到的亲子冲突与青少年冒险行为之间的联系。 家长和青少年将参与一项互动任务，在这项任务中，他们讨论经常发生分歧的话题。将培训研究助理使用编码技术，以便在亲子讨论期间描述冲突的特征。青少年将报告他们的冒险行为，他们将参与一项承受痛苦的任务。这些方法将被用来检查父母与青少年之间的冲突、对痛苦的容忍度和青春期危险行为之间的联系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over 40,000 individuals in the United States are diagnosed with HIV each year (CDC, 2004), and though the number of newly diagnosed cases has declined in the broad population, rates of HIV infection of young adults remains constant (CDC, 2001). A large body of research suggests that alcohol and drug use are two risk-taking behaviors that place individuals at risk for HIV infection (e.g., Kotchick, Shaffer, Miller, & Forehand, 2001; Lynch, Krantz, Russell, Homberger, & Van Ness, 2000; Repetti, Taylor, & Seeman, 2002). Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to contracting HIV through these pathways because of their propensity to engage in risk-taking behaviors and inability to consider long-term consequences (Bailey, Camlin, & Ennett, 1998; Bartlett et al., 1995; Boyer, 2006; CDC, 2005; Hoffman, Klein, Eber, & Crosby, 2000; Peterson & DiClemente, 2000). Thus, understanding what makes certain adolescents more likely than others to engage in risk-taking behaviors has important implications for the development of HIV prevention programs. In the proposed study, I will examine two factors that have been linked to adolescent risk-taking behavior, including conflict in the parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent distress tolerance. The proposed project is an attempt to determine, for the first time, connections among observed parent- adolescent interactions, distress tolerance, and risk-taking behavior. Thus, the proposed study has three aims: (a) to examine the connection between observed parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking behaviors, (b) to determine whether distress tolerance mediates the proposed link between observed parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking behaviors, and (c) to determine whether distress tolerance moderates the proposed link between observed parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Parents and adolescents will participate in an interaction task in which they discuss topics of frequent disagreement. Research assistants will be trained to use coding techniques in order to characterize the conflict during the parent-adolescent discussion. Adolescents will report about their risk-taking behaviors, and they will participate in a distress tolerance task. These methods will be used to examine links among parent-adolescent conflict, distress tolerance, and risky behavior in adolescence.