Blood Flow Velocimetry Using Digital Subtraction Angiography

项目总结 在发达国家，血管系统疾病仍然是死亡率和发病率的主要原因。 尽管近年来在治疗方面取得了相当大的进展。血流速度提供关键信息 用于诊断血管疾病、计划介入手术治疗和监测 脑动静脉畸形的血管内治疗目前对心流知识的缺乏 特征，产生于有限的时间和空间分辨率以及有限的电流精度 计量学模式，避免了对潜在的血流动力学及其与多个 脑血管疾病。 为了解决目前仪器的问题，我们正在开发一种超快、高分辨率的X射线 血流速度测量系统，将提供实时体内定量血流速度图 血管内系统。设想的系统使用了三种变革性技术：1)高强度、低成本 成本低廉的脉冲X射线源，脉冲宽度降至微秒，脉冲间持续时间数十 微秒级，2)空间分辨率高、活动区大、动态范围广的超快X射线成像仪 范围，以及3)克服了电流的余辉和滞后限制的X射线-光转换器 高分辨率传感器。该系统将使廉价的数字减影血管造影术(DSA)能够 恢复血管系统内精确的速度分布，特别是对于复杂的几何形状，使其 一种独特的技术，可以立即转化为临床实践。 第一阶段的研究已明确证明发展拟议系统的可行性。 用于通过实验室实验和广泛的模拟工作进行动态血流测量。一个 已完成二期系统的详细设计，并制定了系统评估计划 发展起来的。具体地说，在第一阶段，我们已经确定了六个测试地点，第二阶段系统将在这些地点进行 对各种医疗应用进行评估，其中的数据将构成第三阶段的坚实基础 商业化。考虑到创新技术的商业潜力，我们已经向美国提交了一份 基于到目前为止所做的工作的专利申请。 该项目与NIH的任务高度相关，因为对血液的准确实时评估 速度将导致更明智的治疗决定，这可以拯救更多的生命，改善健康，以及 降低运营成本。扩大的知识基础将增强国家的经济福祉，并确保 公共研究投资的持续高额回报。

PROJECT SUMMARY Diseases in the vascular system are still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries despite considerable therapeutic progress in recent years. Blood flow velocity provides critical information needed for the diagnosis of vascular diseases, planning of interventional surgery treatment, and monitoring of endovascular treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations. The present lack of knowledge of flow characteristics, arising from the limited temporal and spatial resolution and limited accuracies of the current metrology modalities, averts understanding of the underlying hemodynamics and its correlation with multiple cerebrovascular diseases. To address issues with the current instrumentation, we are developing an ultrafast, high-resolution X-ray blood flow velocimetry system that will provide real time in-vivo quantitative blood velocity maps in the endovascular system. The envisioned system utilizes three transformational technologies; 1) an intense, low cost, pulsed X-ray source with pulse widths down to microseconds and inter-pulse durations of tens of microseconds, 2) an ultrafast X-ray imager with high spatial resolution, large active area, and wide dynamic range, and 3) an X-ray to light converter that overcomes the afterglow and hysteresis limitations of the current high resolution sensors. The system will enable inexpensive digital subtraction angiography (DSA) that can recover precise velocity distribution inside of the vascular systems, especially for complex geometries, making it a unique technology that can be immediately translated into clinical practice. The Phase I research has unequivocally demonstrated the feasibility of developing the proposed system for dynamic blood flow measurements through laboratory experimentation and extensive simulation work. A detailed design of the Phase II system has been accomplished and system evaluation plans have been developed. Specifically, during Phase I we have identified six beta test sites where the Phase II system will be evaluated for various medical applications, the data from which will form a firm foundation for the Phase III commercialization. Considering the commercial potential of the innovative technologies we have filed a US patent application based on the work done so far. This project is highly relevant to NIH's mission because the precise real-time assessment of blood velocities will lead to more educated therapeutic decisions which could save more lives, improve health, and reduce operation cost. The expanded knowledge base will enhance the Nation's economic well-being and ensure a continued high return on the public investment in research.