PROJECT 10: DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT IN CHILDREN

项目总结/摘要 项目10：发展儿童视听语言能力 儿童在听由听觉退化的语音时相对于成人处于不利地位 背景噪音成年人用来补偿嘈杂环境的一个非常强大的线索是视觉 演讲在存在视觉语音的情况下，语音处理的准确性和效率的提高被称为 视听（AV）语音增强。在成年人中，这些增强通过两种不同的中性 机制：知觉机制和语言机制。尽管有一些研究 为了量化儿童的AV语音增强，大多数研究人员忽略了 这种增强的基础机制。我的研究计划的长期目标是提供一个 AV语音增强发展的衔接理论解释。当前的目标 建议是表征发展的知觉和语言机制的基础AV 语音增强目的1研究音视频语音增强的感知机制。 它将评估成年人和5至14岁儿童使用视觉时间线索来预测 听觉语音的幅度包络中的起始和峰值的定时，从而改善检测， 噪声中的听觉语音识别。据推测，5岁的儿童受益于 AV语音增强的感知机制，如同时发作，但需要更长的时间 学习使用听觉和视觉振幅包络之间的持续相关性， 连接听觉语言。目的二探讨音视频言语的语言机制的发展 增强它评估了5至14岁儿童将视觉语音知识应用于 限制语音解释。这一目标将检验一个假设，即随着年龄的增长，儿童 表现出越来越详细的视觉语音知识，从而减少视觉上突出的AV 错误.我预计，使用视觉语言来补充语音解释的能力将在2009年后期成熟。 比使用视觉时间线索来帮助感知处理的能力更重要。拟议研究 将解决我们对儿童如何使用视觉语言来弥补不利影响的理解中的一个关键空白。 真实的世界中的听觉条件。临床上，这项工作对年龄适当的 听力损失儿童的康复和教育实践。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT PROJECT 10: DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH ENHANCEMENT IN CHILDREN Children are at a disadvantage relative to adults when listening to speech that is degraded by auditory background noise. One highly robust cue that adults use to compensate for noisy environments is visual speech. The increased accuracy and efficiency of speech processing in the presence of visual speech is called audiovisual (AV) speech enhancement. In adults, these enhancements occur via two neutrally distinct mechanisms: a perceptual mechanism and a linguistic mechanism. Although a few studies have been undertaken to quantify AV speech enhancement in children, most researchers have overlooked the plurality of the mechanisms that underlie such enhancements. The long-term goal of my research program is to provide a cohesive theoretical account of the development of AV speech enhancement. The objective of the current proposal is to characterize the development of the perceptual and linguistic mechanisms that underlie AV speech enhancement. Aim 1 examines development of the perceptual mechanism of AV speech enhancement. It will evaluate the extent to which adults and 5- to 14-year-old children use visual temporal cues to predict the timing of onsets and peaks in the amplitude envelope of auditory speech, thereby improving detection and recognition of auditory speech in noise. It is hypothesized that children as young as 5 years old benefit from the perceptual mechanism of AV speech enhancement, such as simultaneous onsets, but that it takes longer to learn to use the ongoing correlations between the auditory and visual amplitude envelopes to precisely track connected auditory speech. Aim 2 examines development of the linguistic mechanism of AV speech enhancement. It evaluates the extent to which 5- to 14-year-old children apply visual phonetic knowledge to constrain phonetic interpretation. This aim will test the hypothesis that, with increasing age, children demonstrate increasingly detailed visual phonetic knowledge and consequent decreases in visually salient AV errors. I expect that ability to use visual speech to supplement phonetic interpretation will reach maturity later in development than the ability to use visual temporal cues to aid perceptual processing. The proposed research will address a critical gap in our understanding of how children use visual speech to compensate for adverse auditory conditions in the real world. Clinically, this work has profound implications for age-appropriate rehabilitation and education practices for children with hearing loss.