PRE-AND POSTGRADUATE TRAINING IN MOLECULAR HEMATOLOGY

 描述(由申请人提供)：尽管血液学的进步在许多基础和转化性生物医学研究领域处于领先地位，但血液病仍然是公共健康的主要威胁。例如，许多恶性血液病的预后仍然很差。目前的治疗方法不足以支持大多数镰状细胞疾病患者的正常生活方式。在美国，每年至少发生50万起静脉血栓形成事件，110万例心脏病发作和15万例中风死亡。与此同时，血液学研究的机会从未像现在这样充满希望，将这些机会转化为医学进步将取决于培训下一代基础和转化型血液学研究人员。分子血液学培训计划建议满足每年5名博士后和8名博士后实习生的需求。博士前博士和医学博士/博士研究生遵循华盛顿大学研究生院的课程。在通过资格考试后，他们进入参与的教师导师(目前为27岁)的实验室进行3-4年的实验室研究，以完成他们的论文。 来自世界各地的博士后实习生申请参与实验室；博士后医学博士和医学博士/博士实习生通常已经在华盛顿大学或其他地方完成了血液肿瘤学奖学金项目的临床培训部分。博士后培训的持续时间取决于以前的经验。那些拥有博士或医学博士/博士学位的人通常在过渡到独立的研究职位之前进行2-3年的研究，而拥有医学博士学位的人可能会从3-4年的博士后培训中受益。学员接受密集的指导和职业咨询，并参加课程作业、杂志俱乐部和研讨会。该计划的主要设施包括55,000平方英尺设备齐全的实验室空间，其中包括血液科和肿瘤科，以及基因组测序、结晶学、计算生物学、动物研究和以患者为导向的临床研究的广泛机构资源。学员可选择的研究课题包括：出血性和血栓性疾病的发病机制；凝血和纤溶的调节；血友病和溶酶体储存疾病的基因治疗；肌醇磷脂代谢和细胞信号通路；造血机制；骨髓衰竭综合征中的端粒酶缺陷；哺乳动物细胞中蛋白质运输的分子基础；血小板和血管生成在转移中的作用；人类免疫缺陷和白血病病毒的生物学；上皮形态发生；白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征、骨髓增殖性肿瘤和先天性中性粒细胞减少的发病机制；细胞周期控制；细胞在发育和恶性肿瘤中的死亡。该计划的完成将为基础和转化性血液学研究的职业生涯培养有才华的实习生，使他们的发现将改变血液病的诊断和治疗。(摘要结束)

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although advances in hematology have led the way in many fields of basic and translational biomedical research, hematologic diseases remain major threats to public health. For example, the prognosis for many hematologic malignancies continues to be poor. Current treatments are inadequate to support a normal lifestyle for most patients with for sickle cell disease. In the U.S., at least 500,000 venous thromboembolic events, 1.1 million heart attacks and 150,000 stroke deaths occur each year. At the same time, the opportunities for hematology research have never been more promising, and converting these opportunities into medical advances will depend upon training the next generation of basic and translational hematology researchers. The Molecular Hematology training program proposes to fill this need for 5 predoctoral and 8 postdoctoral trainees per year. Predoctoral Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. students follow the curriculum of the Washington University graduate school. After passing their qualifying examination, they enter the laboratory of participating faculty Mentors (currently 27) for 3-4 years of laboratory research to complete their dissertation. Postdoctoral Ph.D. trainees from around the world apply to participating laboratories; postdoctoral M.D. and M.D./Ph.D. trainees usually have completed the clinical training component of a Hematology-Oncology fellowship program at Washington University or elsewhere. The duration of postdoctoral training depends on prior experience. Those with Ph.D. or M.D./Ph.D. degrees typically conduct research for 2-3 years before transitioning to an independent research position, whereas those with an M.D. degree may benefit from 3-4 years of postdoctoral training. Trainees receive intensive mentoring and career counseling, and participate in coursework, journal clubs, and seminars. The major facilities of the program consist of 55,000 square feet of fully-equipped laboratory space that house the Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, as well as extensive institutional resources for genome sequencing, crystallography, computational biology, animal studies, and patient-oriented clinical research. The research topics available to trainees reflect the multidisciplinary expertise of the participating Mentors and include: pathogenesis of hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders; regulation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis; gene therapy of hemophilia and lysosomal storage diseases; phosphoinositide metabolism and cell signaling pathways; mechanisms of hematopoiesis; telomerase defects in bone marrow failure syndromes; molecular basis for protein trafficking in mammalian cells; role of platelets and angiogenesis in metastasis; biology of human immunodeficiency and leukemia viruses; epithelial morphogenesis; pathogenesis of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and congenital neutropenia; cell cycle control; programmed cell death in development and malignancy. Completion of this program will prepare talented trainees for careers in basic and translational hematology research, to make discoveries that will transform the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic diseases. (End of Abstract)