Pre-and Postgraduate Training in Molecular Hematology

尽管血液学的进步在基础和转化生物医学研究的许多领域中处于领先地位， 血液病仍然是公共卫生的主要威胁。例如，许多血液病的预后 恶性肿瘤的发病率仍然很低。目前的治疗不足以支持大多数人的正常生活方式 镰状细胞病患者。在美国，至少50万例静脉血栓栓塞事件，100万例心脏 每年有15万人死于中风。同时，血液学研究的机会 从未如此有前途，将这些机会转化为医学进步将取决于 培养下一代基础和转化血液学研究人员。分子血液学培训- ing计划建议每年满足5名博士前和8名博士后学员的需求。博士前 博士M.D.博士学生遵循华盛顿大学研究生院的课程。后 通过资格考试后，他们进入参与教师导师的实验室，为期3-4年， 实验室研究，以完成他们的论文。博士后来自世界各地的学员申请 到参与实验室;博士后医学博士M.D.博士学员通常已完成临床 在华盛顿大学或其他地方的血液肿瘤学奖学金计划的培训部分。的 博士后培训的期限取决于先前的经验。那些有博士学位的人或医学博士/博士学位 通常在过渡到独立研究职位之前进行2-3年的研究，而 那些有医学博士学位的人学位可能受益于3-4年的博士后培训。学员接受密集培训 辅导和职业咨询，并参加课程，期刊俱乐部和研讨会。主要 该计划的设施包括约80，000平方英尺的设备齐全的实验室空间， 血液学和肿瘤学部门，以及基因组测序的广泛机构资源， 免疫监测、信息学、动物研究和面向患者的临床研究。研究课题 提供给学员的培训反映了参与导师的多学科专业知识，包括： 出血性和血栓性疾病的发病机制;凝血和纤溶调节;基因 血友病和溶酶体贮积病的治疗;磷酸肌醇代谢和细胞信号传导 通路;造血机制;骨髓衰竭综合征端粒酶缺陷;分子 哺乳动物细胞中蛋白质运输的基础;血小板和血管生成在转移中的作用; 人类免疫缺陷和白血病病毒;上皮形态发生;白血病发病机制， 骨髓增生异常综合征、骨髓增生性肿瘤和先天性中性粒细胞减少症;细胞周期控制; 在发展和恶性肿瘤中的程序性细胞死亡。该计划的完成将准备人才 受训者的职业生涯在基础和转化血液学研究，使发现，将改变 血液病的诊断和治疗。

Although advances in hematology have led the way in many fields of basic and translational biomedical research, hematologic diseases remain major threats to public health. For example, the prognosis for many hematologic malignancies continues to be poor. Current treatments are inadequate to support a normal lifestyle for most patients with sickle cell disease. In the U.S., at least 500,000 venous thromboembolic events, 1 million heart attacks and 150,000 stroke deaths occur each year. At the same time, opportunities for hematology research have never been more promising, and converting these opportunities into medical advances will depend upon training the next generation of basic and translational hematology researchers. The Molecular Hematology train- ing program proposes to fill this need for 5 predoctoral and 8 postdoctoral trainees per year. Predoctoral Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. students follow the curriculum of the Washington University graduate school. After passing their qualifying examination, they enter the laboratory of participating faculty Mentors for 3-4 years of laboratory re-search to complete their dissertation. Postdoctoral Ph.D. trainees from around the world apply to participating laboratories; postdoctoral M.D. and M.D./Ph.D. trainees usually have completed the clinical training component of a Hematology-Oncology fellowship program at Washington University or elsewhere. The duration of postdoc-toral training depends on prior experience. Those with Ph.D. or M.D./Ph.D degrees typically conduct research for 2-3 years before transitioning to an independent research position, whereas those with an M.D. degree may benefit from 3-4 years of postdoctoral training. Trainees receive intensive mentoring and career counseling, and participate in coursework, journal clubs, and seminars. The major facilities of the program consist of ~80,000 square feet of fully-equipped laboratory space that house the Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, as well as extensive institutional resources for genome sequencing, immune monitoring, informatics, animal studies, and patient-oriented clinical research. The research topics available to trainees reflect the multidisciplinary expertise of the participating Mentors and include: pathogenesis of hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders; regulation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis; gene therapy of hemophilia and lysosomal storage diseases; phosphoinosi-tide metabolism and cell signaling pathways; mechanisms of hematopoiesis; telomerase defects in bone marrow failure syndromes; molecular basis for protein trafficking in mammalian cells; role of platelets and angiogenesis in metastasis; biology of human immunodeficiency and leukemia viruses; epithelial morphogenesis; pathogene-sis of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and congenital neutropenia; cell cycle control; programmed cell death in development and malignancy. Completion of this program will prepare talented trainees for careers in basic and translational hematology research, to make discoveries that will transform the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic diseases.