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Alcohol in Neocortex Development and Plasticity

酒精在新皮质发育和可塑性中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
9926203
负责人：
Alexandre Esteves Medina
金额：
$ 37.55万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2001-06-01 至 2022-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9926203
关键词：
Affect Alcohols Animals Architecture Area Attentional deficit Brain Cells Child Development Diffusion Electrophysiology (science)Enhancers Equilibrium Ethanol Exhibits Ferrets Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Goals Grant Human Image Imaging Techniques Impairment Individual Intervention Lead Light Maps Mental Depression Modality Modeling Neocortex Neuronal Plasticity Neurons Ocular Dominance Parietal Lobe Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Preparation Process Property Research Resolution Rest Sensory Slice Social Problems Somatosensory Cortex Structure System Tactile Testing Third Pregnancy Trimester Time Visual Visual Cortex alcohol effect alcohol exposure autistic behaviour barrel cortex biophysical properties experimental study human subject improved in vivo inhibitor/antagonist multidisciplinary multisensory neurobehavioral neuronal circuitry novel phosphoric diester hydrolase postnatal response sensory stimulus sensory system social learning vinpocetine visual-motor integration

项目摘要

Abstract Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) often present sensory alterations such as aversion to multiple sensory stimuli presented at the same time, attention deficits, poor visual-motor integration, and disrupted general sensory processing. There is growing evidence supporting the idea that these problems give rise to social problems and learning deficits. Therefore, understanding the effects of developmental alcohol exposure in the processing of different sensory modalities is crucial to devise interventions to ameliorate neurobehavioral problems seen in FASD. Multisensory integration (MSI) is a higher order function in which the combination of inputs from two or more sensory modalities leads to either facilitation or suppression of neuronal responses. MSI relies on the precise wiring of the individual sensory systems and then on the accuracy of convergence of these systems to multisensory processing areas. This precision is acquired by activity-dependent neuronal plasticity processes that include sprouting and pruning of connections. In the human cortex, most of these plastic changes occur during the third trimester of human gestation. Ethanol is known to severely affect activity-dependent neuronal plasticity in the cortex. Our overarching hypothesis is that alcohol exposure during development disrupts the functional and structural connectivity of multisensory cortical areas altering MSI and contributing to neurobehavioral impairments in FASD. In the studies proposed here we will use a combination of advanced imaging techniques; in vivo electrophysiology and a novel ex vivo slice preparation to evaluate the effect of developmental alcohol exposure on the structural, functional and electrophysiological properties of multisensory cortical areas. Moreover we will test whether boosting activity-dependent neuronal plasticity would reverse the effects of alcohol on multisensory processing. The accomplishment of these experiments will make a major and paradigm-shifting contribution towards the FASD research field.

摘要