Central mechanisms of color vision

色觉的核心机制

• 批准号: 10364145
• 负责人: Gregory D Horwitz
• 金额: $ 38.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10364145
• 关键词: Affect; Appearance; Behavioral; Biological Models; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Categories; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Code; Color; Color Perception; Color Visions; Color blindness; Complex; Cone; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Data Pooling; Devices; Discrimination; Disease; Dissociation; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Goals; Human; Interneurons; Joints; Judgment; Knowledge; Lighting; Macaca; Maps; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurons; Noise; Output; Parvalbumins; Pathology; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Phase; Photoreceptors; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Primates; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Role; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Sum; System; Testing; Time; Trauma; V1 neuron; Viral Vector; Vision; Visual system structure; accurate diagnosis; area V1; behavior measurement; cell type; color processing; effective therapy; experience; experimental study; imaging Segmentation; information processing; inhibitory neuron; knowledge of results; luminance; nervous system disorder; nonhuman primate; novel; phenomenological models; receptive field; receptor; relating to nervous system; response; spatial relationship; spatiotemporal; theories; visual neuroscience

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The visual system has emerged as a premier model for understanding information processing by neurons. Within vision, the submodality of color provides a particularly attractive experimental platform: we know a tremendous amount about the phenomenology of color perception and can explain some aspects of color perception, quantitatively and with high precision, by well understood physiological processes. As a result of this knowledge, we can quickly and accurately diagnose many distinct forms of color blindness and can build devices that render colors accurately. On the other hand, surprising holes in our knowledge remain. The proposed research will fill these holes in our knowledge by revealing the specializations of three types of neurons in area V1 for color vision. Three specific aims are planned: 1) Electrophysiological characterization of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons. 2) Testing the hypothesis that color-sensitive complex cells enhance edges between materials of different reflectance. 3) Testing the hypothesis that double-opponent cells are the physiological basis for color induction by simultaneous color contrast. The proposed experiments will extend our knowledge toward an understanding of the principles that give rise to perception and its disorders. Such an understanding promises to provide the means to promote recovery of visual function following trauma or neurological disease.

项目总结/摘要 视觉系统已经成为理解神经元信息处理的首要模型。 在视觉中，颜色的次模态提供了一个特别有吸引力的实验平台：我们知道， 大量关于颜色感知的现象学，并可以解释颜色的某些方面 通过充分理解的生理过程进行定量且高精度的感知。的结果 这些知识，我们可以快速，准确地诊断许多不同形式的色盲，并可以建立 能准确呈现颜色的设备。另一方面，我们的知识中仍然存在令人惊讶的漏洞。的 拟议的研究将通过揭示三种类型的专业化来填补我们知识中的这些漏洞。 负责色觉的V1区神经元。计划了三个具体目标：1）电生理表征 表达小清蛋白的抑制性神经元。2)为了验证对颜色敏感的复合细胞 增强不同反射率材料之间的边缘。3)为了验证双重对手 细胞是通过同时颜色对比进行颜色诱导的生理基础。拟议的实验 将扩展我们的知识，以理解引起感知的原理及其 紊乱这样的理解有望提供促进视觉功能恢复的手段 创伤或神经系统疾病后死亡