Dust storms and emergency department visits in four southwestern US states

美国西南部四个州遭遇沙尘暴和急诊室就诊

• 批准号: 10372201
• 负责人: Howard H Chang
• 金额: $ 19.93万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-16 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10372201
• 关键词: Accounting; Aerosols; Air; Air Pollution; Allergic Conjunctivitis; Allergic Reaction; Allergic rhinitis; Area; Arizona; Asthma; Australia; California; Cardiovascular Diseases; Characteristics; Classification; Coccidioides; Data; Data Sources; Databases; Desert Climate; Development; Disease; Droughts; Dust; Emergency department visit; Event; Far East; Frequencies; Geographic state; Health; Heavy Metals; Hospitalization; Human; Idaho; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Kansas; Knowledge; Methodology; Methods; Modification; Monitor; Myocardial Ischemia; Nevada; New Mexico; Optics; Outcome; Output; Particulate Matter; Patients; Pesticides; Population; Public Health; Publishing; Relative Risks; Reporting; Reproduction spores; Research; Respiratory Disease; Risk Estimate; Service delivery model; Services; Soil; Source; Southern Europe; Southwestern United States; Standardization; Structure; Surface; System; Texas; Time Series Analysis; Uncertainty; United States; Utah; Washington; Weather; ambient air pollution; anthropogenesis; atmospheric modeling; base; cardiorespiratory fitness; climate change; coarse particles; community-level factor; desert fever; dust storms; epidemiology study; fine particles; fungus; health warning; improved; interest; land use; microorganism; models and simulation; novel strategies; particle; pollutant; response; sex; transmission process; trend; vehicular accident

ABSTRACT Dust storms are atmospheric events precipitated by strong winds that cause dust on the ground to be suspended, severely reducing air quality and visibility. Dust storm air pollution is largely characterized by high concentrations of particulate matter from soil that can contain heavy metals, pesticides, and spores or conidia of microorganisms. Studies in East Asia, southern Europe, and Australia have demonstrated short-term adverse cardiorespiratory health effects of dust storms. In the United States, dust storm activity has increased over the past 20 years, particularly in the southwestern region due to its arid climate. However, despite high dust activity in many states, the US has lagged behind in the study of dust storms and their health effects. This 2-year project will fill this important knowledge gap by utilizing (1) new approaches to characterize dust storms retrospectively, and (2) an existing database of patient-level emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. In this project, we will characterize dust storms exposures using a number of different approaches and data sources. This is motivated by the well-recognized exposure assessment challenge in dust storm research due to the sparse number of monitors for ambient coarse particulate matter and the lack of standardized classifications for dust storms. In Aim 1, we will compile several dust storm exposure metrics, including (1) two monitor-based dust event metrics from regulatory ambient air pollution monitoring networks, (2) a data product combining atmospheric model simulation and satellite-derived aerosol optical depth, (3) a ground-based aerosol optical depth inversion product, and (4) reports in the United States National Weather Service Storm Database. We will then examine the spatial-temporal concordance of different dust storm metrics, as well as consistency between their long-term dust event frequency trends and seasonal profiles. In Aim 2, we will assess associations between dust storm events and daily ED visits in four southwest US states during the period 2005 to 2016. Specifically, we will conduct time-series analyses to estimate short-term associations between dust storm events and ED visits Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah for various outcomes, including allergic reactions, cardiorespiratory diseases, infections, and those caused by motor vehicle accidents. One particular outcome of interest is valley fever because the study region includes endemic areas for valley fever. Increased spore transmission via windblown dust has been suggested to contribute to the recent rise in valley fever incidence. Robustness of risk estimates using different dust storm exposure metrics and exposure lag structures will be evaluated. Results from this project will contribute to our knowledge in the health effects of dust storms in the United States, provide directions to improve exposure assessment for windblown dust and dust storm events, and provide support for subsequent studies to examine effect modification by individual-level and community-level factors, as well as by dust storm characteristics that may confer vulnerability.

抽象的 沙尘暴是由强风引发的大气事件，导致地面上的灰尘悬浮， 严重降低空气质量和能见度。沙尘暴空气污染的主要特点是浓度高 土壤中可能含有重金属、农药和孢子或分生孢子的颗粒物 微生物。东亚、南欧和澳大利亚的研究表明短期不利 沙尘暴对心肺健康的影响。在美国，沙尘暴活动较过去有所增加 过去20年，特别是西南地区，由于气候干旱。然而，尽管粉尘活动很高 在许多州，美国在沙尘暴及其健康影响的研究方面已经落后。这个为期2年的项目 将通过利用（1）新方法来回顾性地描述沙尘暴，来填补这一重要的知识空白， (2) 患者急诊科 (ED) 就诊和住院的现有数据库。在这个 项目中，我们将使用多种不同的方法和数据源来描述沙尘暴暴露的特征。 这是由沙尘暴研究中公认的暴露评估挑战所推动的，因为 环境粗颗粒物监测仪数量稀少，且缺乏标准化分类 沙尘暴。在目标 1 中，我们将编制几个沙尘暴暴露指标，包括 (1) 两个基于监测器的沙尘暴暴露指标 来自监管环境空气污染监测网络的事件指标，(2) 结合了 大气模型模拟和卫星气溶胶光学深度，（3）地基气溶胶光学深度 深度反演产品，以及 (4) 美国国家气象局风暴数据库中的报告。我们将 然后检查不同沙尘暴指标的时空一致性，以及之间的一致性 他们的长期沙尘事件频率趋势和季节概况。在目标 2 中，我们将评估之间的关联 2005 年至 2016 年期间美国西南部四个州的沙尘暴事件和每日急诊就诊情况。具体来说， 我们将进行时间序列分析，以估计沙尘暴事件与 ED 之间的短期关联 访问亚利桑那州、加利福尼亚州、内华达州和犹他州，了解各种结果，包括过敏反应、心肺疾病 疾病、感染以及机动车辆事故引起的疾病。一个特别令人感兴趣的结果是山谷 发烧，因为研究区域包括谷热流行区。增加孢子传播 有人认为，风吹尘埃是近期谷热发病率上升的原因之一。风险稳健性 将评估使用不同沙尘暴暴露指标和暴露滞后结构的估计。结果 该项目的成果将有助于我们了解美国沙尘暴对健康的影响， 指导改进风尘和沙尘暴事件的暴露评估，并为以下方面提供支持： 随后的研究考察了个人层面和社区层面因素以及 可能造成脆弱性的沙尘暴特征。

项目成果

Evaluating Data Product Exposure Metrics for Use in Epidemiologic Studies of Dust Storms.

• DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000824
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: GEOHEALTH
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Hohsfield, Kirk;Rowan, Claire;D'Souza, Rohan;Ebelt, Stefanie;Chang, Howard;Crooks, James
• 通讯作者: Crooks, James