Neural and behavioral correlates of deliberate emotion regulation in early childhood: testing unique links to emerging irritability.

7.项目总结。 易怒是一种相对容易对挫折做出愤怒反应的倾向，在某种程度上，这种沮丧存在于每一个 人口中的一员，但最严重的是一种横跨内化和外化的症状 光谱和预测未来的精神疾病。越来越多的人对阐明具体的 缺陷，1)区分早期易怒是和不是精神疾病的先兆，以及2)可能是 通过新的干预措施减少。易怒是由情绪调节调节的，这可以解析为 非互斥的自动(即时的、被动的)和刻意的(更长时间展开的、费力的)反应 类型。刻意的情绪调节，而不是自动的，需要更大的前额叶皮质激活和 参与执行职能以成功实施，因此可能是更好的易怒螺旋 严重程度和病程，以及更可行的临床靶点。然而，刻意的情绪调节很难 在儿童早期测量，一直未得到充分研究。 拟议的以患者为导向的导师研究职业发展奖将培训候选人 探索学龄前儿童在一段快速时期内的刻意调节，范围从低应激到严重应激 发展，并将调查结果与翻译影响联系起来。候选人目前的专业知识包括 区分正常：急诊精神病理学的异常谱，重点放在早期破坏性 行为学、多元统计学，以及获取和分析脑电和功能性NEAR的一些基本技能 红外光谱(FNIRS)数据。启动一项翻译研究计划，将详细的 情绪调节对新兴精神病理学的理解和更有效的治疗 应聘者寻求在1)多层次方法方面进行高级培训，将新兴情绪调节与 易激惹，2)开发更精细的治疗含义，以及3)纵向研究。候选人的 导师团队，Perlman博士，Wakschlag博士，Huppert博士，Kolko博士，Molina博士和Fox博士提供儿童专业知识 神经成像，情绪调节，易怒，纵向设计，和儿童治疗效果。 这项拟议的研究将检验早期刻意的情绪调节，它与 并发易怒，一年后易怒、内化和外化症状的变化。 3岁和5岁(n=50)的儿童(从轻度到严重易怒)将完成经过验证的自动测试 情绪调节任务之后是一种新颖的刻意情绪调节任务。创新的多层次 将使用一种方法，通过同时记录来将有意的情绪调节与自动情绪调节分开 通过fNIRS激活背外侧前额叶皮质，通过视频进行面部表情。孩子们将完成 一年后，父母会对孩子的易怒、内化和外化进行评分 基线症状及随访情况。这项拟议的研究旨在将该领域的重点转移到刻意的研究上 情绪调节，为未来的纵向工作提供信息，并刺激早期易怒的新干预措施。 好了！

7. Project Summary. Irritability is a relative predisposition for angry responses to frustration that exists, at some level, in every member of the population, but at the severe end is a symptom transversing the internalizing and externalizing spectra and forecasting future mental illness. There has been increased interest in elucidating the specific deficits that 1) discriminate early irritability that is and is not prodromal to mental illness, and 2) could be reduced through novel intervention. Irritability is modulated by emotion regulation, which can be parsed into non-mutually exclusive automatic (immediate, reactive) and deliberate (longer-unfolding, effortful) response types. Deliberate emotion regulation, more so than automatic, requires greater prefrontal cortex activation and engagement of executive function for successful implementation, and thus may be a better auger of irritability severity and course and a more viable clinical target. However, deliberate emotion regulation is difficult to measure in early childhood and has been under-researched. The proposed Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award will train the candidate to probe deliberate regulation in preschoolers ranging from low to severe irritability, over a period of rapid development, and connect findings to translational implications. The candidate's current expertise includes differentiating the normal:abnormal spectrum of emergent psychopathology, with a focus on early disruptive behavior, multivariate statistics, and some basic skills in acquiring and analyzing EEG and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) data. To launch a translational program of research that connects a detailed understanding of emotion regulation to emerging psychopathology and more effective treatments, the candidate seeks advanced training in 1) a multi-level approach linking emerging emotion regulation with irritability, 2) developing more refined treatment implications, and 3) longitudinal research. The candidate's mentorship team, Drs. Perlman, Wakschlag, Huppert, Kolko, Molina, and Fox, provide expertise in child neuroimaging, emotion regulation, and irritability, longitudinal design, and child treatment efficacy. The proposed study will examine early deliberate emotion regulation, its association with level of concurrent irritability, and changes in irritability, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms one year later. Children ages 3 and 5 years (n = 50) ranging from low to severe irritability will complete a validated automatic emotion regulation task followed by a novel deliberate emotion regulation task. An innovative multi-level approach will be used to isolate deliberate from automatic emotion regulation by simultaneously recording dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation via fNIRS and facial expression via video. Children will complete the paradigm again one year later and parents will rate their child's irritability, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms at baseline and follow-up. The proposed study is designed to shift the field to focusing on deliberate emotion regulation, inform future longitudinal work, and spur novel interventions for early irritability. !