Neural and behavioral correlates of deliberate emotion regulation in early childhood: testing unique links to emerging irritability.

7.项目摘要。 易怒是一种对挫折做出愤怒反应的相对倾向，在某种程度上， 人口的一员，但在严重的结束是一个症状transversing内化和外化 预测未来的精神疾病。人们越来越有兴趣阐明具体的 缺陷，1）区分早期易怒，这是和不是精神疾病的前驱，和2）可能是 通过新的干预减少。易怒是由情绪调节调节，这可以被解析为 非相互排斥的自动（即时，反应）和故意（长期展开，努力）反应 类型刻意的情绪调节，比自动的更需要更多的前额叶皮层激活， 执行功能的参与，以成功执行，因此可能是一个更好的螺旋钻的易怒 严重程度和过程以及更可行的临床目标。然而，刻意的情绪调节很难 儿童早期教育，研究不足。 拟议的指导患者为导向的研究职业发展奖将培训候选人， 探索学龄前儿童从低到严重的易怒，在一段时间内迅速的故意调节， 发展，并将研究结果与翻译含义联系起来。候选人目前的专长包括 区分正常：异常谱的紧急精神病理学，重点是早期破坏性 行为，多变量统计，以及获取和分析EEG和功能近场分析的一些基本技能。 红外光谱（fNIRS）数据。启动一项转化研究计划， 了解情绪调节，以新兴的精神病理学和更有效的治疗， 候选人寻求高级培训1）多层次的方法，将新兴的情绪调节与 易激惹，2）开发更精细的治疗含义，3）纵向研究。候选人的 指导小组，帕尔曼博士，Wakschlag，Huppert，Kolko，Molina和Fox，提供儿童 神经影像学，情绪调节，和易怒，纵向设计，和儿童治疗效果。 这项拟议中的研究将检查早期故意情绪调节，其与水平的关系， 并发易怒，以及一年后易怒、内化和外化症状的变化。 3岁和5岁的儿童（n = 50），从轻度到重度易怒，将完成一个经过验证的自动测试。 情绪调节任务，然后是一个新的刻意情绪调节任务。创新的多层次 方法将被用来隔离故意从自动情绪调节，同时记录 背外侧前额叶皮层激活通过fNIRS和面部表情通过视频。孩子们将完成 一年后，父母将再次评估孩子的易怒、内化和外化 基线和随访时的症状。这项拟议中的研究旨在将该领域的重点转移到故意 情绪调节，为未来的纵向研究提供信息，并刺激针对早期易怒的新干预措施。 !

7. Project Summary. Irritability is a relative predisposition for angry responses to frustration that exists, at some level, in every member of the population, but at the severe end is a symptom transversing the internalizing and externalizing spectra and forecasting future mental illness. There has been increased interest in elucidating the specific deficits that 1) discriminate early irritability that is and is not prodromal to mental illness, and 2) could be reduced through novel intervention. Irritability is modulated by emotion regulation, which can be parsed into non-mutually exclusive automatic (immediate, reactive) and deliberate (longer-unfolding, effortful) response types. Deliberate emotion regulation, more so than automatic, requires greater prefrontal cortex activation and engagement of executive function for successful implementation, and thus may be a better auger of irritability severity and course and a more viable clinical target. However, deliberate emotion regulation is difficult to measure in early childhood and has been under-researched. The proposed Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award will train the candidate to probe deliberate regulation in preschoolers ranging from low to severe irritability, over a period of rapid development, and connect findings to translational implications. The candidate's current expertise includes differentiating the normal:abnormal spectrum of emergent psychopathology, with a focus on early disruptive behavior, multivariate statistics, and some basic skills in acquiring and analyzing EEG and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) data. To launch a translational program of research that connects a detailed understanding of emotion regulation to emerging psychopathology and more effective treatments, the candidate seeks advanced training in 1) a multi-level approach linking emerging emotion regulation with irritability, 2) developing more refined treatment implications, and 3) longitudinal research. The candidate's mentorship team, Drs. Perlman, Wakschlag, Huppert, Kolko, Molina, and Fox, provide expertise in child neuroimaging, emotion regulation, and irritability, longitudinal design, and child treatment efficacy. The proposed study will examine early deliberate emotion regulation, its association with level of concurrent irritability, and changes in irritability, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms one year later. Children ages 3 and 5 years (n = 50) ranging from low to severe irritability will complete a validated automatic emotion regulation task followed by a novel deliberate emotion regulation task. An innovative multi-level approach will be used to isolate deliberate from automatic emotion regulation by simultaneously recording dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation via fNIRS and facial expression via video. Children will complete the paradigm again one year later and parents will rate their child's irritability, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms at baseline and follow-up. The proposed study is designed to shift the field to focusing on deliberate emotion regulation, inform future longitudinal work, and spur novel interventions for early irritability. !