Analyzing the potential for future bat coronavirus emergence in Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam

分析缅甸、老挝和越南未来蝙蝠冠状病毒出现的可能性

基本信息

批准号：
10522470
负责人：
Peter Daszak
金额：
$ 65.34万
依托单位：
ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-21 至 2027-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10522470
关键词：
2019-nCoV Affect Animal Model Animals Antibodies Asia Behavior Behavioral Biological Biological Assay COVID-19 COVID-19 test COVID-19 therapeutics Cell Culture Techniques Cells China Chiroptera Clinic Communities Contact Tracing Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Country Data Disease Disease Outbreaks Environmental Risk Factor Environmental and Occupational Exposure Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Event Exposure to Frequencies Future Goals Human Immunoprecipitation Infection Intervention Laos Lead Luciferases Machine Learning Maps Measures Modeling Myanmar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Persons Population Probability Public Health Publishing Questionnaires Risk Rural Sampling Serology Serology test Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Site Southeastern Asia Surveys Syndrome System Testing Vaccines Variant Vietnam Viral Virus Western Blotting Work Zoonoses animal coronavirus base community clinic community transmission coronavirus disease design disease transmission field study genome sequencing high risk molnupiravir novel novel coronavirus novel virus pandemic disease pandemic preparedness pathogen prototype public health intervention public health relevance remdesivir screening social structure spillover event therapeutic development vaccine candidate vaccine development whole genome zoonotic spillover

项目摘要

1 Two major coronaviral diseases of wildlife origin have emerged in Asia in the last two decades. Both likely 2 began as zoonotic spillover events, leading to small case clusters, but were not identified until significant 3 community spread made control difficult, and in the case of COVID-19, led to a pandemic. Our prior work and 4 preliminary data show that Southeast Asia has a high diversity of wildlife coronaviruses (CoVs), a large 5 proportion of the population with frequent occupational and environmental exposure to wildlife, and limited 6 surveillance at rural sites where outbreaks likely begin. Our hotspots risk mapping suggests countries directly 7 to the south of China; Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in particular; contain regions with human-wildlife interfaces 8 and likely regular spillover of novel CoVs from bats and other wildlife. Our preliminary field studies have 9 identified novel viruses related to known zoonoses in bats and other wildlife from each of these countries and 10 communities with serological evidence of novel CoV exposure. The overarching goal of our work is to analyze 11 the behavioral and environmental risk factors for spillover of novel CoVs, identify wildlife-to-human spillover 12 events, assess the risk and drivers of community transmission and spread, and test potential public health 13 interventions to disrupt spillover and spread. To achieve this, we propose the following: 14 Specific Aim 1) community-based surveys and biological sampling of people frequently exposed to wildlife in 15 Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam, to find serological evidence of spillover and assess behavioral, social structure, 16 spatial connectivity and mobility factors that lead to exposure, spillover, and spread; 17 Specific Aim 2) sampling and PCR screening of bats and other wildlife at community surveillance sites to 18 identify viruses and hosts related to the human infections detected in Aim 1; full genome sequencing and cell 19 entry assays to assess ability to infect human cells; machine learning approaches to estimate zoonotic 20 potential of each novel CoV; 21 Specific Aim 3) syndromic PCR-based surveillance in clinics to identify ‘cryptic’ cases or case clusters caused 22 by bat-CoVs; contact tracing to assess whether cases represent initial spillover or community spread events. 23 Our results will provide detailed information on the risk of future CoV spillover and spread and will inform 24 potential public health interventions to reduce spillover risk and outbreak potential. They may also provide data 25 on wildlife reservoirs and community spillover events of relevance to the origin of COVID-19. Finally, we will 26 rapidly supply viral sequences and isolates for use in vaccine and therapeutic development, including 27 “prototype pathogen” vaccines, via an existing MOU with the NIAID-CREID network. Our long-term goal is that 28 this work will act as a model to build pandemic preparedness strategies to better predict sites and communities 29 where wildlife-origin viruses are likely to emerge, and to disrupt emergence in EID hotspots around the world. 30

1在过去的二十年中，亚洲出现了两种野生动植物起源的主要冠状病毒疾病。两者都可能 2开始是人畜共患的间谍事件，导致小案例簇，但直到有意义之前才发现 3社区的传播使控制权变得困难，并且在Covid-19的情况下导致了大流行。我们先前的工作和 4初步数据表明，东南亚的野生动植物冠状病毒（COVS）多样性 5经常占据野生动植物的人口比例 6在可能开始爆发的粗糙地点进行6监视。我们的热点风险映射的风险表明国家直接中国南部7；缅甸，老挝和越南；包含具有人类野生生物界面的区域 8蝙蝠和其他野生动植物可能会定期对新型COV进行新颖的COV。我们的初步研究 9确定了与来自这些国家中每个国家的蝙蝠和其他野生动植物中已知人畜共患病有关的新型病毒 10个具有新型COV暴露的血清学证据的社区。我们工作的总体目标是分析 11新型COV的行为和环境风险因素，识别野生动植物到人类的Spilover 12个活动，评估社区传播和传播的风险和驱动力，并测试潜在的公共卫生 13次干预措施，以破坏Spilover和扩散。为了实现这一目标，我们提出以下内容： 14特定目的1）基于社区的调查和经常暴露于野生动植物的人的生物学样本 15缅甸，老挝和越南，找到了Spilover和评估行为，社会结构的血清学证据， 16空间连通性和流动性因素，导致暴露，间谍和扩散； 17特定目的2）在社区监视地点对蝙蝠和其他野生动植物的采样和PCR筛查 18识别与AIM 1中发现的人类感染有关的病毒和宿主；完整的基因组测序和细胞 19评估评估感染人类细胞的能力的评估；机器学习方法来估计人畜共患病每个小说COV的20势； 21特定目的3）诊所中基于综合PCR的监视，以识别引起的“隐秘”病例或病例簇 22蝙蝠烤箱；联系跟踪评估案件是最初的Spilover还是社区传播事件。 23我们的结果将提供有关未来Cov Spilover和Versible的风险的详细信息，并将告知 24潜在的公共卫生干预措施，以降低Spilover风险和爆发潜力。他们也可能提供数据 25关于与19号野生动植物的野生动植物水库和社区Spilover事件有关。最后，我们会的 26迅速提供病毒序列和分离株用于疫苗和治疗性发育，包括 27“原型病原体”疫苗，通过现有的带有Niaid-Creid网络的谅解备忘录。我们的长期目标是 28这项工作将充当建立大流行准备策略以更好地预测站点和社区的模型 29野生动物 - 野生动物病毒可能会出现，并破坏世界各地的开斋节中的出现。 30