Influence of ultra-processed foods on reward processing and energy intake

超加工食品对奖励加工和能量摄入的影响

• 批准号: 10670413
• 负责人: BRENDA M DAVY
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-22 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10670413
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Area; Attenuated; Automobile Driving; Beverages; Body mass index; Brain; Child Health; Chronic; Cognitive; Consumption; Corpus striatum structure; DRD2 gene; Decision Making; Development; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Practices; Dopamine; Eating; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Energy consumption; Exposure to; Feeding behaviors; Fiber; Food; Food Intake Regulation; Food Processing; Food Selections; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Health; Human; Individual; Industrialization; Informal Social Control; Intake; Life; Link; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nutritional Study; Obesity; Performance; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Randomized; Research; Rewards; Rodent; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Strategic Planning; Time; Weight Gain; adolescent health; aged; blood oxygenation level dependent response; brain circuitry; dietary; dietary guidelines; eating in absence of hunger; emerging adult; energy density; executive function; experimental study; feeding; flexibility; food consumption; improved; mu opioid receptors; neurobiological mechanism; nutrition; physical conditioning; preclinical study; preference; response; reward processing; trial comparing

PROJECT SUMMARY Most individuals with obesity become so before age 35. In the US population, adolescents have the highest ultra- processed food consumption (68% of total energy) and the lowest diet quality. Given that ultra-processed foods represent two-thirds of the energy consumed by adolescents and young adults, research is needed to understand the influence of food processing on eating behaviors, particularly in the late adolescence and early adulthood life stage. During this time, individuals have increasing independence in food choice and it represents a key developmental period for executive function, processes that affect life-long mental and physical health. Evidence from pre-clinical studies demonstrates rodents maintained on a “cafeteria diet” comprised of ultra- processed ingredients have greater energy intake, weight gain, and alterations in brain circuitry that regulates both energy intake and executive function than those exposed to a standard diet. However, the impact of ultra- processed foods on the brain circuits underlying reward processing, food intake regulation, food choice, and executive function in humans is unknown. Controlled diet interventions are needed to fill this void. The overall objective of this research is to establish proof-of-concept for altered reward processing measured by brain response to an ultra-processed milkshake, an increase in ad libitum energy intake in a buffet meal, and adverse effects on executive function in response to a diet high in ultra-processed foods (81% total energy) compared to a diet emphasizing un/minimally-processed foods in individuals aged 18-25 years. To address our objective, 32 individuals aged 18-25 years (late adolescence/early adulthood) (BMI<30) will undergo two 14-day controlled feeding conditions in a randomly assigned order. Diets will match the caloric needs of the individual and be matched for potential confounding factors including macronutrients, fiber, and energy density. To assess changes in reward processing, brain response to an ultra-processed milkshake will be assessed via functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after each feeding period (4 measurements). Measurements immediately following each feeding period will include ad libitum energy intake and food selection at a breakfast buffet meal (containing both ultra-processed and minimally processed foods), eating in the absence of hunger post-meal, and executive function. Although consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to dysregulation of energy intake, mechanisms are uncertain and existing dietary guidelines do not address ultra- processed food intake due to a lack of human experimental research. The proposed research could address this gap and inform dietary guidelines for individuals at a critical developmental life stage – late adolescence to early adulthood.

项目概要 大多数肥胖者在 35 岁之前就开始肥胖。在美国人口中，青少年的超重率最高。 加工食品消耗量（占总能量的68%）和饮食质量最低。鉴于超加工食品 占青少年和年轻人消耗的能量的三分之二，需要进行研究 了解食品加工对饮食行为的影响，特别是在青春期末期和早期 成年生活阶段。在此期间，个人在食物选择上越来越独立，这代表 执行功能的关键发展时期，影响终生身心健康的过程。 临床前研究的证据表明，啮齿类动物维持“自助式饮食”，其中含有超 加工过的成分具有更高的能量摄入量、体重增加以及调节大脑回路的改变 与那些接受标准饮食的人相比，能量摄入和执行功能都更好。然而，超 加工食品对大脑回路的影响是奖励处理、食物摄入调节、食物选择和 人类的执行功能尚不清楚。需要控制饮食干预来填补这一空白。整体 这项研究的目的是为大脑测量的改变奖励处理建立概念验证 对超加工奶昔的反应、自助餐中随意增加能量摄入以及不良反应 与高加工食品饮食（81%总能量）相比，对执行功能的影响 18-25 岁人群的饮食强调未加工/最低限度加工的食品。为了实现我们的目标，32 18-25岁（青春期晚期/成年早期）（BMI<30）的个体将接受两次为期14天的控制 喂养条件以随机分配的顺序进行。饮食将符合个人的热量需求，并且 匹配潜在的混杂因素，包括常量营养素、纤维和能量密度。评估 奖励处理的变化，大脑对超加工奶昔的反应将通过功能性评估 每个喂养期之前和之后的磁共振成像（4 次测量）。测量值 每个喂养期之后将立即包括随意的能量摄入和早餐的食物选择 自助餐（包含超加工食品和最低加工食品），在不饥饿的情况下进食 餐后和执行功能。尽管食用超加工食品可能会导致 能量摄入失调，机制尚不确定，现有的饮食指南并未解决能量摄入失调问题 由于缺乏人体实验研究而摄入加工食品。拟议的研究可以解决这个问题 差距并为处于生命关键发育阶段（青春期后期到早期）的个人提供饮食指南 成年期。