Opioid and Psychostimulant Taking: Testing the Impact of Behavioral Economic Contexts

阿片类药物和精神兴奋剂服用：测试行为经济背景的影响

• 批准号: 10703398
• 负责人: DAVID N KEARNS
• 金额: $ 32.03万
• 依托单位: AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-15 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10703398
• 关键词: Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Behavior; Cocaine; Complement; Consumption; Cues; Data; Drug Interactions; Drug Modelings; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Economics; Essential Drugs; Goals; Heroin; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Intoxication; Kava; Knowledge; Laboratory Finding; Learning; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Motivation; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nature; Negative Reinforcements; Negative Reinforcer; Opioid; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Positioning Attribute; Positive Reinforcer; Price; Procedures; Property; Public Health; Rattus; Recreation; Research; Rewards; Role; Saccharin; Self Administration; Social Interaction; Substance Use Disorder; Testing; addiction; behavioral economics; drug seeking behavior; drug testing; experience; improved; insight; non-drug; psychostimulant; reinforcer; substance use treatment

The broad, long-term objective of this project is to identify factors that may explain why substance use disorders occur and to identify methods for most effectively reducing drug use. Both of these goals are aligned with the mission of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. More specifically, a behavioral economic approach will be taken here to experimentally test variables that control cocaine- and opioid- taking behavior in an animal (rat) model of drug abuse. Addiction has been conceptualized as repeated, maladaptive choice of drugs over important non-drug rewards. Research in behavioral economics has found that one of the most important factors determining choice between two reinforcers (rewards) is how they interact along the substitute-to-complement continuum. If substitutes, increasing the price of one reinforcer results in reduced consumption of that reinforcer and increased consumption of the other because subjects allocate relatively more behavior to the now cheaper option. If complements, increasing the price of one reinforcer reduces consumption of both reinforcers, but, counterintuitively, subjects allocate relatively more behavior to the now more expensive option. If they are independents, then choice is relatively insensitive to price changes. Little is known about how psychostimulants like cocaine and opioids like heroin relate to non-drug alternatives in terms of substitutability/complementarity. This knowledge gap significantly limits our ability to explain, predict, or modify choice between these drugs and non-drug alternatives. This proposal will address this knowledge gap with three Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1 will test cocaine and heroin’s degree of substitution, independence, or complementarity with respect to a variety of non-drug alternatives (including both positive and negative reinforcers). Specific Aim 2 will investigate how the availability of non-drug reinforcers of varying substitutability/complementarity with cocaine and heroin affects drug value (defined in terms of behavioral economics, where value reflects how much effort subjects make to obtain the drug). Specific Aim 3 will test how these drugs’ interactions with non-drug reinforcers change on the transition from initiation/recreational use to addiction by investigating substitutability/complementarity before and after intermittent access self-administration (a procedure that produces addiction-like behavior). Completion of this research will provide important new information about factors responsible for the excessive allocation of behavior to drugs that is a hallmark of substance use disorder, a significant problem for public health today. By learning what causes excessive allocation of behavior towards drugs, we can learn how to most effectively modify behavior such that drug choice is reduced and this information can be used to improve treatments for substance use disorder.

该项目的广泛的长期目标是确定可能解释物质使用为什么 我们的目标是研究药物滥用的情况，并确定最有效地减少药物使用的方法。这两个目标都是 与国家药物滥用研究所的使命保持一致。更具体地说， 这里将采取经济的方法来实验性地测试控制可卡因和阿片类药物的变量， 在药物滥用的动物（大鼠）模型中采取行为。成瘾被认为是反复的， 药物的不适应性选择超过重要的非药物奖励。行为经济学的研究 我发现，决定两种奖励之间选择的最重要因素之一是如何 它们沿着取代-互补连续体相互作用。如果是替代品， 一种减水剂导致该减水剂的消耗减少而另一种减水剂的消耗增加， 受试者将相对更多的行为分配给现在更便宜的选项。如果补充，增加价格 一种食物减少了两种食物的消耗，但是，与直觉相反， 更多的行为，现在更昂贵的选择。如果他们是独立的，那么选择是相对的， 对价格变化不敏感。关于可卡因和阿片类药物等精神兴奋剂 海洛因与非毒品替代品在可替代性/互补性方面有关系。这一知识空白 严重限制了我们解释、预测或修改这些药物和非药物之间选择的能力。 替代品.该提案将通过三个具体目标来解决这一知识差距。具体目标1将 测试可卡因和海洛因的替代程度，独立性，或互补性， 各种非药物替代品（包括阳性和阴性药物）。具体目标2将 研究具有不同替代性/互补性的非药物替代剂的可用性， 可卡因和海洛因影响毒品价值（根据行为经济学定义，价值反映了 受试者为获得药物所做的许多努力）。具体目标3将测试这些药物如何与 非药物成瘾者在从初始/娱乐使用到成瘾的过渡中发生变化， 在间歇性进入自我给药之前和之后研究替代性/互补性（a 产生类似成瘾行为的过程）。这项研究的完成将提供重要的新的 关于导致过度分配药物行为的因素的信息，这是 物质使用障碍是当今公共卫生的一个重大问题。通过了解是什么导致过度 分配对药物的行为，我们可以学习如何最有效地修改行为， 减少了选择，这些信息可用于改善对物质使用障碍的治疗。

项目成果

A test of the role of stimulus-response and stimulus-outcome associations in the effects of intermittent-access training.

测试刺激-反应和刺激-结果关联在间歇性访问训练效果中的作用。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104984
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Behavioural processes
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Beasley,MadelineM;Pilz,EmmaM;Kearns,DavidN
• 通讯作者: Kearns,DavidN

The complexity of drug choice: rats prefer alcohol over social interaction.

药物选择的复杂性：与社交互动相比，老鼠更喜欢酒精。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01469-0
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
• 作者: Kearns,DavidN

Cocaine and heroin interact differently with nondrug reinforcers in a choice situation.

在选择情况下，可卡因和海洛因与非药物强化剂的相互作用不同。

• DOI: 10.1037/pha0000674
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Beasley,MadelineM;Amantini,Sarah;Gunawan,Tommy;Silberberg,Alan;Kearns,DavidN
• 通讯作者: Kearns,DavidN