Longitudinal associations of preschoolers' technology and digital medial (TDM) use and executive functioning: a mechanism linking TDM with young children's weight status

学龄前儿童技术和数字媒体 (TDM) 使用与执行功能的纵向关联：将 TDM 与幼儿体重状况联系起来的机制

• 批准号: 10701902
• 负责人: ALEXIS Caroline WOOD
• 金额: $ 21.46万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-09 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10701902
• 关键词: 4 year old; 5 year old; Academic achievement; Accounting; Adverse effects; Area; Assessment tool; Attitude; Behavior; Body mass index; Buffers; COVID-19 pandemic; Caregivers; Cellular Phone; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Rearing; Childhood; Clinical Psychology; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Country; Data; Development; Devices; Distance Learning; Education; Electrical Engineering; Goals; Guidelines; Health; Health Services; Home; Hour; Investigation; Light; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; North America; Nursery Schools; Obesity; Occupational; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pediatrics; Preschool Child; Procedures; Public Health; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Support; Role; School-Age Population; Short-Term Memory; Sleep; Structure; Technology; Technology Assessment; Testing; Time; Weight; Youth; age group; cognitive ability; cognitive process; cohort; developmental psychology; digital; digital media; digital technology; emotion regulation; executive function; experience; follow-up; handheld mobile device; high body mass index; improved; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; longitudinal design; multitask; new technology; novel; obesity risk; pandemic disease; peer; portability; programs; scaffold; sedentary; service providers

PROJECT SUMMARY Technology and digital media (TDM) use has been associated with poorer developmental and health outcomes in young children. Given the high rate of TDM use, which on average exceeds recommendations, among preschool age children, it is important to examine TDM use effects on development and health outcomes during this critical early stage of child development. Using a multidisciplinary approach (clinical psychology, developmental psychology, electrical engineering, and pediatrics), one of the main goals of the proposed larger P01 application (of which this project is a part of) is to use innovative, objective, and passive measures to precisely quantify children’s TDM use. The first aim of this specific project will be to focus on examining associations between preschoolers’ TDM use and executive functioning (EF) as well as testing EF as a cognitive mechanism linking TDM use with child BMI. The second aim will be to test bidirectional associations between executive functioning, child BMI, and TDM use. Finally, the third aim will test the novel moderating influences of general parenting (warmth/sensitivity, intrusiveness), parent scaffolding in two contexts (non-TDM and TDM), and TDM content, which are candidates for disrupting the cascade from children’s TDM use to their EF and BMI. To our knowledge, this will be the first study to use a comprehensive and objective assessment tool to measure TDM use, its association with EF, and the mediating role of EF on the TDM-BMI association in preschool children using a longitudinal design over a 12-month timeframe. Also, to our knowledge, this is one of the only studies to consider bidirectional associations – specifically that TDM use is not only related to children’s outcome, but also that children’s EF and BMI may influence their subsequent TDM use. As part of our focus on TDM use, educational content will be assessed advancing developmental research beyond a common focus on the amount of TDM use. Using multiple direct observational measures of EF in a controlled setting, this project will also inform the development of child cognition as well as obesity. Finally, adapted from existing tasks and coding procedures, a novel lab-based parent/child TDM task will be employed to examine parental scaffolding behaviors, known to improve child EF, and how these scaffolding behaviors may moderate links between TDM use and children’s EF. Advancing our understanding of the role of TDM use on the areas of cognition and health using innovative methods will assist in the development of effective strategies for improving child outcomes and provide parents and health service providers actionable information informing children’s TDM use guidelines.

项目概要 技术和数字媒体 (TDM) 的使用与较差的发育和健康结果相关 在幼儿中。鉴于 TDM 使用率很高（平均超过建议值）， 对于学龄前儿童，检查 TDM 使用对发育和健康结果的影响非常重要 在儿童发育的这个关键的早期阶段。使用多学科方法（临床心理学、 发展心理学、电气工程和儿科），拟议的更大的主要目标之一 P01应用（本项目属于其中）是采用创新的、客观的、被动的措施 精确量化儿童的 TDM 使用情况。这个具体项目的首要目标是重点检查 学龄前儿童 TDM 使用与执行功能 (EF) 之间的关联以及将 EF 测试作为 将 TDM 使用与儿童 BMI 联系起来的认知机制。第二个目标是测试双向关联 执行功能、儿童 BMI 和 TDM 使用之间的关系。最后，第三个目标将测试小说的调节 一般养育方式（温暖/敏感、侵入性）、两种情况下的父母支架（非 TDM）的影响 和 TDM），以及 TDM 内容，它们是破坏从儿童 TDM 使用到他们的 TDM 级联的候选者。 EF 和 BMI。据我们所知，这将是第一项使用全面、客观评估的研究 测量 TDM 使用情况、其与 EF 的关联以及 EF 在 TDM-BMI 关联中的中介作用的工具 学龄前儿童在 12 个月的时间范围内使用纵向设计。另外，据我们所知，这是一 唯一考虑双向关联的研究之一——特别是 TDM 的使用不仅与 儿童的结果，而且儿童的 EF 和 BMI 可能会影响他们随后的 TDM 使用。作为一部分 我们对 TDM 使用的关注，将对教育内容进行评估，以推动发展研究超越 共同关注的焦点是 TDM 的使用量。在受控的环境中使用 EF 的多种直接观察措施 在此背景下，该项目还将为儿童认知和肥胖的发展提供信息。最后改编自 现有的任务和编码程序，将采用一种新颖的基于实验室的父/子 TDM 任务来检查 已知可以改善儿童 EF 的父母脚手架行为，以及这些脚手架行为如何调节 TDM 使用与儿童 EF 之间的联系。加深我们对 TDM 使用在以下领域的作用的理解： 使用创新方法的认知和健康将有助于制定有效的策略 改善儿童的成果，并为父母和医疗服务提供者提供可操作的信息 儿童 TDM 使用指南。