Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms Underlying Stress Vulnerability during Adolescence

青春期压力脆弱性背后的神经发育机制

• 批准号: 10687187
• 负责人: Katie McLaughlin
• 金额: $ 172.72万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10687187
• 关键词: Acceleration; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Affective; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Behavior; Behavioral; Cellular Phone; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cues; Development; Developmental Process; Dorsal; Emotional; Emotions; Etiology; Exposure to; Female; Frequencies; Goals; Grain; Individual; Institution; Institutionalization; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Negative Valence; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Onset of illness; Pattern; Performance; Phenotype; Physical activity; Positive Valence; Prevention; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Shapes; Social Behavior; Social Processes; Specificity; Stress; Stressful Event; Symptoms; System; Technology; Telephone; Text; Theoretical model; Time; Variant; Ventral Striatum; Violence; Work; Youth; cognitive control; cohort; design; digital; emotional stimulus; experience; improved; innovation; longitudinal design; negative affect; neglect; neural; neural circuit; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; peer; prevent; prospective; response; sex; sleep behavior; sleep quality; sleep quantity; smartphone based device; social; social engagement; social media; wearable device

PROJECT SUMMARY Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) is involved in the etiology of most forms of psychopathology, and SLEs occurring early in development are particularly strong predictors of mental health problems. Most adolescent disorder onsets are temporally preceded by a major SLE. Yet, the mechanisms linking SLEs to the onset of adolescent psychopathology remain poorly understood. Prior research on mechanisms linking SLEs with youth mental disorders has focused largely on severe forms of adversity like abuse, neglect, and institutionalization. It is unknown whether similar mechanisms are involved in the link between less severe SLEs and psychopathology. Perhaps more critically, existing work has relied largely on cross-sectional between-subjects designs that compare children with exposure to some type of SLE to children without that experience. There is a dearth of longitudinal studies examining how SLEs influence emotion, cognition, behavior, and neural circuits within-individuals over time in ways that predict the emergence of psychopathology. The proposed research addresses this gap, using a novel methodological approach that permits examination of dynamic changes in emotion, cognition, social behavior, and neural function and connectivity following SLEs at a sufficiently fine grained level of temporal specificity to identify mechanisms underlying the link between SLEs and adolescent psychopathology as they unfold in real time. Specifically, the project will examine how monthly fluctuations in exposure to SLEs within-individuals predict subsequent changes in emotional processing in the Negative and Positive Valence Systems, Cognitive Control, Social Processes, and neural function and connectivity over a 12-month period. In addition to monthly assessments of SLEs, psychopathology, and potential mechanisms, passive monitoring of activity, sleep, and social behavior (e.g., interaction with peers through text and social media) through smartphones and wearable devices will allow additional mechanisms to be assessed passively and without subject burden. The study will investigate whether monthly variation in these emotional, cognitive, social, and neural processes predicts later increases in internalizing and externalizing problems in an accelerated cohort design with monthly assessments spanning age 11-18 years, producing 1,680 monthly observations over the study period. The longitudinal design and high-frequency assessments are innovative in allowing the identification of mechanisms that are altered by SLEs and prospectively predict psychopathology with high temporal specificity during a developmental period associated with increases in SLE exposure, stress vulnerability, and risk for psychopathology. Study findings will provide critical information regarding the specific domains of emotion, cognition, social behavior, and neural function that are altered by exposure to SLEs and increase vulnerability to psychopathology. These mechanisms represent modifiable targets for interventions to prevent the onset of stress-related psychopathology in children and adolescents.

项目摘要 暴露于压力性生活事件（SLEs）涉及大多数形式的精神病理学的病因，并且SLEs 在发育早期发生的疾病是心理健康问题的特别强有力的预测因素。大多数青少年 疾病发作在时间上先于严重的SLE。然而，将SLE与发病联系起来的机制 青少年的精神病理学仍然知之甚少。先前关于SLE与青年之间联系机制的研究 精神障碍主要集中在虐待、忽视和机构化等严重形式的逆境上。 目前还不清楚是否有类似的机制参与了不太严重的SLE和 精神病理学也许更关键的是，现有的工作在很大程度上依赖于学科间的横截面 将暴露于某种类型SLE的儿童与没有这种经历的儿童进行比较的设计。有 缺乏关于SLE如何影响情绪、认知、行为和神经回路的纵向研究 随着时间的推移，个体内部的变化，以预测精神病理学的出现。拟议研究 解决这一差距，使用一种新的方法，允许检查的动态变化， 情绪，认知，社会行为，神经功能和连接性，在足够好的条件下， 时间特异性的粒度水平，以确定SLE和青少年之间联系的潜在机制 在真实的时间里展现出来的精神病理学。具体而言，该项目将研究 暴露于SLE个体内预测随后的变化，在情绪处理的消极和 正价系统，认知控制，社会过程，以及神经功能和连接在一个 12-月期间。除了每月评估SLE、精神病理学和潜在机制外， 活动、睡眠和社会行为的被动监测（例如，通过文本和社交媒体与同龄人互动 媒体）通过智能手机和可穿戴设备将允许被动评估额外的机制 并且没有主体负担。这项研究将调查这些情绪，认知， 社会和神经过程预测，在一个特定的年龄段， 加速队列设计，每月评估11-18岁，每月产生1，680个 研究期间的观察。纵向设计和高频评估是创新的 在允许识别由SLE改变的机制和前瞻性预测 在发育期间具有高度时间特异性的精神病理学，与 SLE暴露、应激脆弱性和精神病理学风险研究结果将提供关键信息 关于情绪、认知、社会行为和神经功能的特定领域， 暴露于SLE并增加对精神病理学的脆弱性。这些机制代表了可修改的 预防儿童和青少年出现与压力相关的精神病理学的干预目标。