Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms Underlying Stress Vulnerability during Adolescence

青春期压力脆弱性背后的神经发育机制

• 批准号: 10768363
• 负责人: Katie McLaughlin
• 金额: $ 12.63万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10768363
• 关键词: Acceleration; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Behavior; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Development; Emotional; Emotions; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Exposure to; Frequencies; Grain; Individual; Institutionalization; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Monitor; Negative Valence; Neighborhoods; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Onset of illness; Positive Valence; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Risk; Social Behavior; Social Processes; Specificity; Stress; Stressful Event; System; Text; Time; Variant; Work; Youth; cognitive control; cohort; design; experience; innovation; longitudinal design; neglect; neural; neural circuit; novel; peer; prospective; sleep behavior; smartphone based device; social; social media; wearable device

Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) is involved in the etiology of most forms of psychopathology, and SLEs occurring early in development are particularly strong predictors of mental health problems. Most adolescent disorder onsets are temporally preceded by a major SLE. Yet, the mechanisms linking SLEs to the onset of adolescent psychopathology remain poorly understood. Prior research on mechanisms linking SLEs with youth mental disorders has focused largely on severe forms of adversity like abuse, neglect, and institutionalization. It is unknown whether similar mechanisms are involved in the link between less severe SLEs and psychopathology. Perhaps more critically, existing work has relied largely on cross-sectional between-subjects designs that compare children with exposure to some type of SLE to children without that experience. There is a dearth of longitudinal studies examining how SLEs influence emotion, cognition, behavior, and neural circuits within-individuals over time in ways that predict the emergence of psychopathology. The proposed research addresses this gap, using a novel methodological approach that permits examination of dynamic changes in emotion, cognition, social behavior, and neural function and connectivity following SLEs at a sufficiently fine grained level of temporal specificity to identify mechanisms underlying the link between SLEs and adolescent psychopathology as they unfold in real time. Specifically, the project will examine how monthly fluctuations in exposure to SLEs within-individuals predict subsequent changes in emotional processing in the Negative and Positive Valence Systems, Cognitive Control, Social Processes, and neural function and connectivity over a 12-month period. In addition to monthly assessments of SLEs, psychopathology, and potential mechanisms, passive monitoring of activity, sleep, and social behavior (e.g., interaction with peers through text and social media) through smartphones and wearable devices will allow additional mechanisms to be assessed passively and without subject burden. The study will investigate whether monthly variation in these emotional, cognitive, social, and neural processes predicts later increases in internalizing and externalizing problems in an accelerated cohort design with monthly assessments spanning age 11-18 years, producing 1,680 monthly observations over the study period. The longitudinal design and high-frequency assessments are innovative in allowing the identification of mechanisms that are altered by SLEs and prospectively predict psychopathology with high temporal specificity during a developmental period associated with increases in SLE exposure, stress vulnerability, and risk for psychopathology.

暴露于压力生活事件（SLEs）涉及大多数形式的病因