Understanding Ethnic Differences in Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

这一续签申请寻求对多种族队列(MEC)研究的基础设施的支持，该研究是 1993-1996年在夏威夷和加利福尼亚州南部成立，研究癌症和其他慢性疾病的风险因素 疾病。这项研究旨在利用这两个地理区域的种族和文化多样性 这些领域的研究以及研究人员在营养、族裔/种族差异研究和遗传学方面的专长。它 是现存的最具种族多样性的癌症队列。它通过显著提高成本效益 通过与SEER癌症登记的计算机化联系补充积极的后续信息，至关重要 统计、出院诊断、医疗索赔数据、电子病历和地理空间 信息。在基线情况下，队列包括关于215,000名男性和女性的信息，包括几乎 全部由五个民族/种族组成：日裔美国人、拉丁裔、白人、非裔美国人和土著 夏威夷人。该资源后来被扩大到包括一个预期的血液样本生物库 约7万名参与者和一大群人的尿液样本。MEC的领导需要高度的 互动的、团队科学的方法，调查人员已经充分展示了他们愿意分享 数据/样本，并积极参与联合体。研究成果包括重要的 有助于理解癌症的遗传和环境风险因素。超过291篇论文 在当前的赠款周期中，已经发表了我们的研究结果。此外，在过去的28年里， 围绕MEC建立了129项NIH赠款/补充资金(在本周期中有77项活动)，以及更多 超过136名学生和博士后研究员接受了这项研究的培训。此应用程序描述了我们的 未来五年的目标是维护和加强MEC的基础设施，以及计划 方法论研究。我们预计在新的5年内，在目前的基础上，新增7253例癌症病例 48,064例；其中2,670例将在目前的10,957例的基础上增加诊断前的血液样本 案子。我们将在目前的~13K的基础上增加6K的FFPE肿瘤样本。此外，这笔赠款续期将使 有可能继续进行一项旨在评估生活方式、环境、 癌症和其他常见慢性病的遗传风险因素和健康的社会决定因素， 利用新的方法，如饮食质量指数、暴露组学、基因组学、表观基因组学、 微生物学、代谢组学和多水平暴露，包括空间环境、结构性种族主义和 气候变化。MEC将允许测试创新的研究假设，旨在确保 调查种族/民族健康差异，疾病预防方面的进展适用于美国所有主要国家 少数族裔。

This renewal application seeks support for the infrastructure of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study, which was established in Hawaii and southern California in 1993-1996 to study risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases. The study was designed to take advantage of the ethnic and cultural diversity of the two geographic areas, as well as the expertise of the investigators in nutrition, ethnic/racial disparities studies, and genetics. It is the most ethnically diverse cancer cohort in existence. It achieves high cost-efficiency by significantly supplementing active follow-up information with computerized linkages to SEER cancer registries, vital statistics, hospital-discharge diagnoses, medical claim data, electronic medical records and geospatial information. At baseline, the cohort included information on 215,000 men and women, comprised almost entirely of five ethnic/racial populations: Japanese Americans, Latinos, Whites, African Americans and Native Hawaiians. The resource was later expanded to include a prospective biorepository of blood specimens from ~70,000 of the participants and urine specimens on a large subset. Leadership of the MEC entails a highly interactive, team-science approach, and the investigators have amply demonstrated their willingness to share data/samples, and to participate actively in consortia. Research accomplishments include significant contributions to understanding both genetic and environmental risk factors for cancer. Over 291 papers describing our findings have been published during the current grant cycle. In addition, over the last 28 years, 129 NIH grants/supplements have been built around the MEC (77 were active in the current cycle), and more than 136 students and postdoctoral fellows have been trained on the study. This application describes our aims over the next 5 years for maintaining and enhancing the infrastructure of the MEC, as well as plans for methodological research. We project adding 7,253 incident cancer cases in the new 5 years, to the current 48,064 cases; 2,670 of these cases will have pre-diagnostic blood samples, to be added to the current 10,957 cases. We will add 6K FFPE tumor samples to the current ~13K. In addition, this grant renewal will make possible the continuation of a well-integrated program of research aimed at evaluating lifestyle, environmental, and genetic risk factors and social determinants of health for cancer and other common chronic diseases, taking advantage of new approaches, such as dietary quality indices, exposomics, genomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, metabolomics and multilevel exposures, including spatial environment, structural racism, and climate change. The MEC will allow the testing of innovative research hypotheses aimed at ensuring that racial/ethnic health disparities are investigated and that progress in disease prevention applies to all major US racial/ethnic minorities.