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Understanding Complex Genome Editing and RNA Biology in Oxytricha

了解尖毛虫中复杂的基因组编辑和 RNA 生物学

基本信息

批准号：
10823943
负责人：
LAURA F LANDWEBER
金额：
$ 13.56万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2027-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

Project Summary The PI’s lab studies natural genome editing systems in microbial eukaryotes, bringing a strongly molecular and mechanistic approach to understanding genome evolution and diversity. The surprisingly sophisticated variations on DNA and RNA processing in microbial eukaryotes display a wide range of genome architectures and genetic systems. Some pathways erode the notions of a gene (e.g. scrambled genes and RNA editing) and even Mendelian inheritance, reminding us that a draft genome sequence can be a far cry from knowledge of its products. Genome rearrangements occur in diverse organisms, and contribute to many human diseases, especially cancer—a disease of the genome, but the extreme level of programmed DNA rearrangements required for development in the ciliate Oxytricha make it an ideal model system to study genome remodeling and the roles of RNA in orchestrating this process. The proposed research will expand the lab’s focus on the molecular mechanisms and evolution of this remarkable natural phenomenon. Goals for the next five years include understanding the roles of DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) during development and rearrangement, and the interactions between small and long noncoding RNAs and their associated RNA- binding proteins, together with the rearranging genome. Tools from molecular genetics, biochemistry, and chromatin biology provide the platform for functional studies, while comparative genomics offers insight into the evolutionary origins of scrambled genomes and complex genetic architectures, addressing the fundamental questions of how programmed rearrangements are executed during development and how this process arose during evolution.

项目摘要 PI的实验室研究微生物真核生物中的天然基因组编辑系统，带来了强烈的分子和理解基因组进化和多样性的机械方法。令人惊讶的复杂微生物真核生物中DNA和RNA加工的变异显示出广泛的基因组结构基因系统。一些途径削弱了基因的概念（例如，乱序基因和RNA编辑）甚至孟德尔遗传，提醒我们，基因组序列草图可能与知识相去甚远其产品。基因组重排发生在不同的生物体中，并导致许多人类疾病，特别是癌症--一种基因组疾病，但程序化DNA重排的极端水平尖毛藻是研究基因组重构的理想模式系统以及RNA在这一过程中的作用。拟议的研究将扩大实验室的重点，这一显着自然现象的分子机制和进化。未来五年的目标包括理解DNA N6-腺嘌呤甲基化（6 mA）在发育过程中的作用，重排，以及小的和长的非编码RNA及其相关RNA之间的相互作用，结合蛋白，以及重组基因组。分子遗传学、生物化学和染色质生物学为功能研究提供了平台，而比较基因组学则提供了对混乱的基因组和复杂的遗传结构的进化起源，解决基本的在开发过程中如何执行程序化重排以及这一过程是如何产生的问题在进化过程中。