Competence Skills and Smoking Among Subgroups of Youth

描述(由申请人提供) 当代以学校为基础的吸烟预防计划，结合拒绝 技能培训，包括提高个人和社会综合素质的技巧 能力可以非常有效地减少青少年吸烟。而当 病因学研究表明，社会抵抗技能在 让年轻人远离吸烟，几乎没有工作集中在如何社交 能力(例如，自信、沟通技巧)和个人能力 (例如，认知和行为自我管理技能)在 青少年吸烟的术语。其发病机制仍不清楚。 在高危环境中的年轻人中。此外，全国调查数据显示， 青少年吸烟率因种族、性别、 和地理位置。因此，重要的是要确定基于能力的 病因模型可以解释青少年发病和升级的原因 在不同的青少年亚群中吸烟。 拟议研究的主要目标是开发、测试和改进 关注社会和个人作用的几种病因学模型 青少年吸烟的能力技能，并检验这些模型 在两个纵向的中学生样本中：以白人为主， 郊区样本和以少数族裔为主的市中心样本。这个目标 将通过对未经治疗的对照学生进行二次分析来完成 世卫组织参加了两项以学校为基础的药物滥用预防试验之一。这个 拟议的研究旨在阐明能力技能如何影响 吸烟在关键时期的启动和升级 中学时代。例如，中介分析将检查这些角色 情感自律和吸烟的社会益处 解释能力低下如何导致青少年吸烟的因素；以及 中级分析将考察良好的能力技能是否会缓冲 烟草使用的其他显著风险因素的影响。假设的模型 将在两个纵向样本的子组之间进行交叉验证 包括种族和性别。因为不同的病因可能 导致吸烟程度不同的实验预测 将在不同的学生群体中对吸烟与重度吸烟进行调查。几个 将使用多变量统计技术，包括多个线性和 Logistic回归、结构方程模型和潜在增长模型。 我们的长期目标是提高我们对 在不同背景的青年中使用烟草，并最终完善和 完善针对不同青年人群的预防吸烟计划。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Contemporary school-based smoking prevention programs that combine refusal skills training with techniques to enhance general personal and social competence can be highly effective in reducing adolescent smoking. While etiology research has shown that social resistance skills are important in keeping young people away from smoking, little work has focused on how social competence (e.g., assertiveness, communication skills) and personal competence (e.g., cognitive and behavioral self-management skills) are protective in terms of youth smoking. The etiological mechanisms remain particularly unclear among youth in high-risk settings. Furthermore, national survey data show that prevalence rates for adolescent smoking differ according to ethnicity, gender, and geographic location. Thus it is important to determine if competence-based etiological models can account for the initiation and escalation of adolescent smoking among different subgroups of adolescents. A primary goal of the proposed research is to develop, test, and refine several etiologic models that focus on the role of social and personal competence skills in adolescent cigarette smoking, and to examine these models among two longitudinal samples of middle school students: a largely white, suburban sample and a predominantly minority, inner-city sample. This goal will be accomplished through secondary analysis of untreated control students who participated in one of two school-based drug abuse prevention trials. The proposed research aims to elucidate how competence skills influence the initiation and escalation of cigarette smoking during the critical middle-school years. For example, mediational analyses will examine the roles of affective self-regulation and perceived social benefits of smoking as factors that explain how poor competence leads to youth smoking; and moderational analyses will examine whether good competence skills buffer the effects of other salient risk factors for tobacco use. The hypothesized models will be cross-validated among subgroups of the two longitudinal samples including by ethnicity and gender. Because different etiologic factors may contribute to varying levels of cigarette smoking, prediction of experimental versus heavy smoking will be investigated among subgroups of students. Several multivariate statistical techniques will be used including multiple linear and logistic regression, structural equation modeling, and latent growth modeling. The long-term goals are to improve our knowledge regarding the development of tobacco use among youth of different backgrounds, and to ultimately refine and improve smoking prevention programs for diverse youth populations.