PERSONAL COMPETENCE SKILLS AND ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL USE

申请者摘要：以学校为基础的药物滥用预防计划 将拒绝技能培训与社交和个人能力相结合 研究表明，加强这项技术可以减少青少年吸毒和酗酒。 病因学研究已经开始澄清这些成分是如何有效的 预防计划是有效的。社交能力似乎起到了保护作用。 通过帮助年轻人抵制同龄人的影响而饮酒。鲜为人知 论个人能力技能在青少年病因中的作用 酗酒。尽管研究表明，个人能力技能 因为认知和行为自我管理策略与 虽然青少年饮酒较少，但其发病机制尚不清楚。 此外，人们对个人能力技能如何保护 青少年不受酒精使用的重要危险因素的影响，特别是在 高风险环境。研究表明，不同国家和地区的饮酒率不同 青少年的族裔和性别亚群。因此，重要的是要确定 基于能力的病因学模型是否能解释 不同的青少年亚群。拟议研究的一个主要目标是 开发、测试和改进几个关注个人的病因学模型 能力技能和青少年饮酒，并检验这些模型 在中学生的两个纵向样本中：主要是 白人，郊区样本(N=3549)，以及以少数民族为主的市中心样本 (n=2229)。这一目标将通过二次分析来实现 控制组参与者来自两个以学校为基础的药物滥用预防试验。 这项拟议的研究旨在阐明个人能力技能是如何 影响青少年饮酒的开始和升级。 中介分析将检验个人能力技能的假设 通过增进心理健康或减少痛苦来减少饮酒； 适度分析将测试个人能力技能是否缓冲了 酒精使用的其他风险因素的影响(例如，同伴影响)。模型 将在族裔和性别亚组之间进行交叉验证， 试验性饮酒与重度饮酒的预测将得到检验。这个 长期目标是提高我们对酒精使用如何发展的理解 对不同背景的青年进行干预，并加强预防干预 针对不同种族的人群。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: School-based drug abuse prevention programs that combine refusal skills training with social and personal competence enhancement have been shown to reduce adolescent drug and alcohol use. Etiology research has begun to clarify how the components of effective prevention programs work. Social competence appears to play a protective role by helping young people resist peer influences to use alcohol. Less is known about the role of personal competence skills in the etiology of adolescent alcohol use. Although research has shown that personal competence skills such as cognitive and behavioral self-management strategies are associated with less alcohol use among adolescents, the etiological mechanisms remain unclear. In addition, little is known about how personal competence skills protect youth from important risk factors for alcohol use, particularly youth in high-risk settings. Research has shown that rates of alcohol use differ among ethnic and gender subgroups of adolescents. Thus, it is important to determine whether competence-based etiological models can explain alcohol use among various subgroups of adolescents. A primary goal of the proposed research is to develop, test, and refine several etiologic models that focus on personal competence skills and adolescent alcohol use, and to examine these models among two longitudinal samples of middle school students: a predominantly white, suburban sample (N=3,549), and a largely minority, inner-city sample (N=2,229). This goal will be accomplished through secondary analysis of control group participants from two school-based drug abuse prevention trials. The proposed research aims to elucidate how personal competence skills influence the initiation and escalation of adolescent alcohol use. Mediational analyses will test the hypothesis that personal competence skills reduce alcohol use by enhancing psychological well-being or reducing distress; moderational analyses will test whether personal competence skills buffer the effects of other risk factors for alcohol use (e.g., peer influences). Models will be cross-validated among ethnic and gender subgroups, and differences in the prediction of experimental versus heavy alcohol use will be tested. The long-term goal is to improve our understanding of how alcohol use develops among youth of different backgrounds and to improve prevention intervention for ethnically diverse populations.