The Impact of COVID-19 on Parent and Child Well-Being in Early Childhood

项目摘要 COVID-19疫情几乎改变了生活的方方面面。研究开始记录 大流行病对父母和儿童的影响不成比例;然而，许多研究没有 评估大流行的多层面性质，评估长期结果，或衡量多个 幸福指数。针对NOT-MH-21-330（“COVID-19的社会、行为和经济影响 在服务不足和弱势群体”），我们的专家团队在育儿，家庭福祉，风险和 保护因素和弹性，建议检查父母和孩子的福祉如何受到影响， 大流行病此外，我们建议利用和扩大数据，从一个前瞻性，纵向 研究（“婴儿生长发育研究”，R 01 HD 093662; R 01 HD 110470待定; PI：Leerkes），共299例 妇女及其婴儿，从怀孕到孩子3.5岁。我们会重新联系母亲们 当孩子4岁时，对母亲和父母进行时间轴跟踪采访， 他们的COVID相关经验，以调查COVID如何影响父母和儿童的福祉 随着时间我们的三个具体目标将研究：（1）如何与COVID相关的经验（压力源和 支持）在幼儿期多个方面影响父母和儿童的福祉;（2） 种族/民族和家庭收入差异的影响，新冠肺炎相关的压力，在多个 幸福的维度和潜在的保护因素（即，社会支持，支持性共同抚养， 社区质量）;以及（3）与COVID相关的压力源和支持的时间如何影响父母和孩子 well-being.父母的结果将包括社会压力，积极的养育，经济压力，和身体和 心理健康孩子的结果将包括社会情绪调整，学前技能和健康。数据 将通过家长报告和访谈观察进行评估。该提案涉及关键知识 差距包括：只关注负面的COVID经验，关注单一或狭窄的领域， 大流行病期间父母和儿童的福祉，以及对艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的异质性缺乏关注， 在家庭中流行。研究结果将对理解哪些父母和 在当前的大流行中，儿童需要最多的支持， 旨在促进父母和儿童在未来流行病中的福祉的方案。

Project Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has changed nearly every aspect of life. Research is beginning to document the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on parents and children; however, much of the research does not assess the multi-dimensional nature of the pandemic, evaluate long-term outcomes, or measure multiple indices of well-being. In response to NOT-MH-21-330 (“Social, Behavioral, and Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Underserved and Vulnerable Populations”), our team of experts in parenting, family well-being, risk and protective factors, and resilience, proposes to examine how parent and child well-being has been influenced by the pandemic. In addition, we propose to leverage and expand upon data from a prospective, longitudinal study (“Infant Growth and Development Study”, R01HD093662; R01HD110470 pending; PI: Leerkes) of 299 women and their infants, followed from pregnancy until children were 3.5 years old. We will recontact mothers when children are 4 years old and conduct a timeline follow-back interview with mothers and coparents about their COVID-related experiences to investigate how COVID has impacted parents’ and children’s well-being over time. Our three Specific Aims will examine: (1) how COVID-related experiences (both stressors and supports) impacted parent and child well-being across multiple dimensions during early childhood; (2) racial/ethnic and household income disparities in the impact of COVID-related stressors across multiple dimensions of well-being and potential protective factors (i.e., social support, supportive coparenting, neighborhood quality); and (3) how timing of COVID-related stressors and supports influences parent and child well-being. Parent outcomes will include social strain, positive parenting, economic strain, and physical and mental health. Child outcomes will include socioemotional adjustment, pre-academic skills, and health. Data will be assessed via parent report and interviewer observations. The proposal addresses critical knowledge gaps including: an exclusive focus on negative COVID experiences, a focus on single or narrow domains of parent and child well-being during the pandemic, and a lack of attention to heterogeneity in the impacts of the pandemic across families. Results will have important implications for understanding which parents and children need the most support in the current pandemic, as well as informing prevention and intervention programs aiming to promote parent and child well-being in future pandemics.