Groundwork for a study of non-smoking-associated lung cancer in AsianPacific Isla

描述（由申请人提供）：肺癌是美国亚裔和太平洋岛民（API）和西班牙裔女性癌症死亡的主要原因，尽管这些女性中有80%以上从未吸烟。美籍裔和西班牙裔妇女吸烟患病率低，肺癌负担重，人口增长率快，是除吸烟外肺癌危险因素研究的理想目标人群。此外，拉丁美洲裔女性在不吸烟的肺癌患者中所占比例过高，这表明她们可能有更高的暴露率或更容易受到吸烟以外的肺癌危险因素的影响，而西班牙裔女性可能对这些危险因素的暴露率或易感性较低。因此，作为在大旧金山湾区API和西班牙裔女性中开展基于人群的非吸烟相关肺癌病例对照研究的先驱，我们建议启动一项试点研究，其具体目标如下：1)证明确定从未吸烟的API和西班牙裔女性的代表性样本的可行性；2)评估招募约560名具有代表性的、从不吸烟的API和西班牙裔女性作为研究对照组所需的人员努力水平；3)比较三种对照招募方法在API和西班牙裔女性中的效果。我们将使用基于姓氏的目标搜索方法，从基于订阅的电话和地址目录中识别中国人、菲律宾人、夏威夷人、西班牙人、亚洲印第安人、日本人、太平洋岛民和越南妇女。符合条件的妇女将被要求完成一份简短的电话、邮件或基于互联网的调查，评估社会人口特征。为了评估入选受试者的代表性，我们将他们的社会人口学特征与美国人口普查局和加州健康访谈调查的当前数据进行比较。我们将通过计算通过电话、邮件或两者联系的个人的参与率来比较招募方法的有效性。这项初步研究将为一项旨在了解并最终预防不吸烟者肺癌发展的大型研究奠定重要基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) and Hispanic women in the U.S., despite the fact that over 80% of these women have never smoked cigarettes. The low prevalence of smoking, heavy burden of lung cancer, and fast population growth rate among API and Hispanic women make them an ideal target population in which to examine risk factors for lung cancer other than tobacco smoking. Moreover, API women appear to be overrepresented among never-smokers with lung cancer, suggesting that they may have a higher prevalence of exposure or greater susceptibility to lung cancer risk factors other than smoking, whereas Hispanic women may have lower exposure or susceptibility to such risk factors. Therefore, as a precursor to launching a population-based case-control study of non-smoking-associated lung cancer among API and Hispanic women in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, we propose to initiate a pilot study with the following specific aims: 1) to demonstrate the feasibility of identifying a representative sample of API and Hispanic women who have never smoked; 2) to assess the level of personnel effort required to enroll approximately 560 representative, never-smoking API and Hispanic women as study controls; and 3) to compare the efficacy of three control recruitment methods among API and Hispanic women. We will use a surname-based targeted searching method to identify Chinese, Filipina, native Hawaiian, Hispanic, Asian Indian, Japanese, Pacific Islander, and Vietnamese women from subscription-based telephone and address directories. Eligible women will be asked to complete a brief telephone, mail, or Internet-based survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics. To assess the representativeness of enrolled subjects, we will compare their sociodemographic characteristics with current data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the California Health Interview Survey. We will compare the efficacy of recruitment methods by calculating participation rates among individuals contacted by telephone, mail, or both. This pilot study will serve as critical groundwork for a larger study aiming to understand, and ultimately prevent, the development of lung cancer in never-smokers. Asian and Pacific Islander (API) and Hispanic women rarely smoke, and it is unknown why so many of these women develop lung cancer-a leading cause of cancer death. This pilot study is an important step toward building a larger study to understand the causes of lung cancer in API and Hispanic women who have never smoked.