POPULAR DIETS, METABOLISM, AND CVD RISK

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 具体目标1：评估三种主要饮食--传统低脂、低脂/低血糖指数和极低碳水化合物--对肥胖年轻成年人减肥后能量消耗的影响 假设条件： 1a 与低脂/低血糖指数饮食或极低碳水化合物饮食相比，常规低脂饮食期间体重减轻后的能量消耗将更低。 1b 在低脂/低血糖指数饮食和极低碳水化合物饮食之间，休息和总能量消耗没有差异。 主要终点：在空腹状态下使用间接热量测定法测定静息能量消耗。 次要终点：总能量消耗使用双标记水方法;食物的热效应使用间接热量计;身体活动使用加速度计。 具体目标#2：评估三种主要饮食对肥胖成年人减肥的其他生理适应的影响 假设条件： 2a 与低脂/低血糖指数饮食或极低碳水化合物饮食相比，常规低脂饮食期间体重减轻的生理适应性较基线的变化更大。 2b 在低脂/低血糖指数饮食和极低碳水化合物饮食之间，对体重减轻的生理适应性变化没有差异。 主要终点：血清T3浓度。 次要终点：其他甲状腺功能（T4，反向T3，TSH，THBG），生长激素作用（IGF-1），生殖激素（LH，FSH，睾酮，雌二醇），应激激素（24小时尿皮质醇），饥饿的措施。 具体目标#3：评估三种主要饮食对肥胖年轻人减肥后心血管疾病风险因素的影响。 假设条件： 3a 与极低碳水化合物饮食或传统低脂饮食相比，低脂/低血糖指数饮食期间的胰岛素抵抗较低（胰岛素敏感性较高）。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Specific Aim #1: To evaluate the effects of three dominant diets - conventional low-fat, low-fat/low-glycemic index and very-low-carbohydrate - on energy expenditure following weight loss in obese young adults Hypotheses: 1a Energy expenditure following weight loss will be lower during the conventional low-fat diet compared to either the low-fat/low-glycemic index diet or the very-low-carbohydrate diet. 1b Resting and total energy expenditure will not differ between the low-fat/low-glycemic index diet and the very-low-carbohydrate diet. Primary endpoint: resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry in the fasting state. Secondary endpoints: total energy expenditure using doubly labeled water methodology; thermic effect of food using indirect calorimetry; physical activity using accelerometry. Specific Aim #2: To evaluate the effects of three dominant diets on other physiological adaptations to weight loss in obese adults Hypotheses: 2a Changes from baseline in physiological adaptations to weight loss will be greater during the conventional low-fat diet compared to either the low-fat/low-glycemic index diet or the very-low-carbohydrate diet. 2b Changes in the physiological adaptations to weight loss will not differ between the low-fat/low-glycemic index diet and the very-low-carbohydrate diet. Primary endpoint: serum T3 concentration. Secondary endpoints: Other thyroid functions (T4, reverse T3, TSH, THBG), measures of growth hormone action (IGF-1), reproductive hormones (LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol), stress hormones (24-hr urinary cortisol), hunger. Specific Aim #3: To evaluate the effects of three dominant diets on cardiovascular disease risk factors following weight loss in obese young adults. Hypotheses: 3a Insulin resistance will be lower (greater insulin sensitivity) during the low-fat/low-glycemic index diet compared to either the very-low-carbohydrate diet or the conventional low-fat.