INFORMATION THEORY OF THE ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 9/17/2008 我们快速处理信息和产生反应的能力在很大程度上取决于认知控制，其神经机制已被广泛研究，最近在人脑地形图方面取得了进展。目前的认知控制理论主要集中在前扣带回(ACC)在冲突检测/解决和反应选择中的作用。然而，这些理论不能解释这一惊人的发现，即ACC损害的患者在冲突检测/解决方面没有表现出缺陷，而是总体反应迟缓。 同时，从行为和功能神经成像研究中我们观察到：(I)总体反应时(RT)、冲突效应和ACC激活之间存在显著的相关性，并且(Ii)与基线状态相比，ACC在所有认知任务状态下都被普遍激活。新出现的证据表明，ACC是以总体反应时为指标的信息处理速度和反应速度的主要决定因素。基于我们和其他人的理论观点和这些观察，我们提出了ACC的信息论模型，在该模型中，ACC作为皮层和皮质下结构之间动态相互连接的快速中继器和综合接口，在快速信息处理和反应的中央认知控制中发挥关键作用，而不是传统的冲突检测/解决理论。 在这个项目中，我们将评估ACC的功能激活和整合，并对其在快速信息处理和反应过程中的神经动力学进行建模，以建立网络-功能关系。 具体地说，我们假设： (1)ACC的活动以及ACC和相关通路之间的动态功能/有效连接是这些过程的关键，并决定这些过程的相对效率；以及 (2)ACC的功能活性和动态连接性预测了与这些过程相关的行为表现的个体差异。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. 9/17/2008 Our ability to rapidly process information and generate responses depends greatly on cognitive control, whose neural mechanisms have been extensively studied with recent advances in human brain mapping. Current theories of cognitive control have focused on the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in conflict detection/resolution and response selection. However, these theories cannot account for the striking finding that patients with ACC lesions do not show deficits in conflict detection/resolution but rather overall slowness of response. Meanwhile, from behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies we have observed that (i) there is a robust correlation between overall reaction time (RT), the conflict effect, and ACC activation, and that (ii) the ACC is commonly activated in all cognitive task states compared to baseline state. The emerging evidence suggest that the ACC is a major determinant of information processing rate and response speed, as indexed by overall RT. Building on our and others' previous theoretical perspectives and these observations, we propose an information theory model of the ACC in which the ACC serves as a fast relay and integrative interface with dynamic interconnections between cortical and subcortical structures and plays a pivotal role in central cognitive control of rapid information processing and response, beyond traditional theories of conflict detection/resolution. In this project, we will assess functional activation and integration of the ACC and model its neural dynamics during rapid information processing and response in order to establish network-function relationships. Specifically, we hypothesize that: (1) the activity of the ACC and the dynamic functional/effective connectivity among the ACC and associated pathways are critically involved in these processes and determine the relative efficiency of these processes; and (2) the functional activity and dynamic connectivity of the ACC predict a significant proportion of individual differences in behavioral performance related to these processes.