INFORMATION THEORY OF THE ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 9/17/2008 我们快速处理信息和产生反应的能力在很大程度上取决于认知控制，其神经机制已被广泛研究与人类大脑映射的最新进展。当前的认知控制理论主要集中在前扣带皮层（ACC）在冲突检测/解决和反应选择中的作用。然而，这些理论不能解释一个惊人的发现，即ACC病变患者在冲突检测/解决方面没有表现出缺陷，而是整体反应缓慢。 同时，从行为和功能神经影像学研究中，我们观察到：（i）总反应时（RT），冲突效应和ACC激活之间存在鲁棒的相关性;（ii）与基线状态相比，ACC在所有认知任务状态下都被激活。新出现的证据表明，ACC是信息处理速率和反应速度的主要决定因素，如整体RT所示。基于我们和其他人以前的理论观点和这些观察，我们提出了一个前扣带的信息论模型，其中前扣带作为一个快速中继和整合界面，在皮层和皮层下结构之间动态互连，并在中枢神经系统中起着关键作用。快速信息处理和响应的认知控制，超越了传统的冲突检测/解决理论。 在这个项目中，我们将评估ACC的功能激活和整合，并在快速信息处理和响应过程中对其神经动力学进行建模，以建立网络功能关系。 具体而言，我们假设： (1)ACC的活性以及ACC和相关通路之间的动态功能/有效连接性在这些过程中至关重要，并决定这些过程的相对效率; (2)ACC的功能活动和动态连接预测了与这些过程相关的行为表现中的显著比例的个体差异。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. 9/17/2008 Our ability to rapidly process information and generate responses depends greatly on cognitive control, whose neural mechanisms have been extensively studied with recent advances in human brain mapping. Current theories of cognitive control have focused on the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in conflict detection/resolution and response selection. However, these theories cannot account for the striking finding that patients with ACC lesions do not show deficits in conflict detection/resolution but rather overall slowness of response. Meanwhile, from behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies we have observed that (i) there is a robust correlation between overall reaction time (RT), the conflict effect, and ACC activation, and that (ii) the ACC is commonly activated in all cognitive task states compared to baseline state. The emerging evidence suggest that the ACC is a major determinant of information processing rate and response speed, as indexed by overall RT. Building on our and others' previous theoretical perspectives and these observations, we propose an information theory model of the ACC in which the ACC serves as a fast relay and integrative interface with dynamic interconnections between cortical and subcortical structures and plays a pivotal role in central cognitive control of rapid information processing and response, beyond traditional theories of conflict detection/resolution. In this project, we will assess functional activation and integration of the ACC and model its neural dynamics during rapid information processing and response in order to establish network-function relationships. Specifically, we hypothesize that: (1) the activity of the ACC and the dynamic functional/effective connectivity among the ACC and associated pathways are critically involved in these processes and determine the relative efficiency of these processes; and (2) the functional activity and dynamic connectivity of the ACC predict a significant proportion of individual differences in behavioral performance related to these processes.