Increasing Donation by Helping Recipients Ask

描述（由申请人提供）： 作为华盛顿大学医学院（WUSM）的社会和健康心理学家，我正在寻求指导研究科学家发展奖（K01），以专门从事移植的临床领域，接受学术培训，并进行研究，以提高活体捐赠率。我致力于成为一名独立的移植研究人员，并在这一目标的支持下，我建议K01导师在WUSM：巴里洪，博士，移植心理学家和医学博士丹尼尔布伦南，移植肾病学家和巴恩斯犹太移植中心（BJTC）主任。我寻求在健康教育，调查设计，先进的统计分析，道德和移植患者的临床护理额外的正规培训。在现有合作和初步研究的基础上，我提出的研究项目的总体目的是通过帮助肾脏接受者要求活体捐赠者捐赠来提高活体捐赠率。 我过去的研究表明，许多肾脏接受者在与潜在捐赠者讨论活体捐赠时非常不舒服，因为这种不适，他们不会考虑活体捐赠。由于从未征求过愿意捐献肾脏的人，全国活体肾脏的供应有限。对活体捐献者进行有针对性的健康教育已被证明可显著提高活体捐献率。道德和有效地增加接受者对活体捐赠者的安慰的教育可能是增加活体捐赠的第二种方法。利用BJTC的肾脏受体，拟议的K01研究项目有三个目标： 目标1：确定哪些因素可预测接受者在要求活体供体捐献时的不适，以及不适程度是否可预测接受者的移植时间。 目标二：发展两种类型的健康教育，以帮助接受者要求活体捐赠者捐赠：（A）培训接受者如何提出捐赠要求（即，直接方法）和（B）供受体转介活体供体的活体供体网站（即，间接法）。 目标3：对225名潜在受者进行一项分组随机对照试验，比较直接和间接教育方法与标准护理方法在三个重要结果方面的有效性：受者安慰询问、评估的活体供体数量和移植受者数量。 在这个项目结束时，我将开发和验证两个健康教育干预措施，可以帮助受援国要求活体捐赠者捐赠。我还将为将来的R01提交收集试验数据。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As a Social and Health Psychologist at Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), I am pursuing a Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) in order to specialize in the clinical area of transplantation, receive scholarly training, and conduct research to increase living donation rates. I am committed to becoming an independent transplantation researcher and am supported in this goal by my proposed K01 mentors at WUSM: Barry Hong, Ph.D., a Transplant Psychologist, and Daniel Brennan, M.D., Transplant Nephrologist and Director of Barnes-Jewish Transplant Center (BJTC). I seek additional formal training in health education, survey design, advanced statistical analyses, ethics, and the clinical care of transplant patients. Building on existing collaborations and preliminary studies, the overall purpose of my proposed research project is to increase living donation rates by assisting kidney recipients in asking living donors to donate. My past research has shown that many kidney recipients are very uncomfortable discussing living donation with prospective donors and, because of this discomfort, will not consider living donation. The national availability of living donor kidneys is limited because willing living donors are never asked. Targeted health education for living donors has already been shown to increase living donation rates significantly. Education that ethically and effectively increases recipients' comfort asking living donors may be a second way to increase living donation. Utilizing kidney recipients from BJTC, the proposed K01 research project has three aims: Aim 1: To determine which factors predict recipient discomfort in asking living donors to donate and whether level of discomfort predicts recipients' time to transplantation. Aim 2: To develop two types of health education to help recipients ask living donors to donate: (A) recipient training on how to make the donation request (i.e., the direct approach) and (B) a living donor website for the recipient to refer living donors (i.e., the indirect approach). Aim 3: To conduct a group-randomized controlled trial of 225 potential recipients to compare the effectiveness of the direct and indirect educational approaches compared to standard-of-care on three important outcomes: recipient comfort asking, number of living donors evaluated, and number of recipients transplanted. At the conclusion of this project, I will have developed and validated two health education interventions that may help recipients ask living donors to donate. I also will have collected pilot data for a future R01 submission.