Increasing Donation by Helping Recipients Ask

描述(由申请人提供)： 作为华盛顿大学医学院(WUSM)的一名社会与健康心理学家，我正在追求导师研究科学家发展奖(K01)，以便专门从事移植临床领域的研究，接受学术培训，并进行研究以提高活体捐赠率。我致力于成为一名独立的移植研究人员，并得到了我在WUSM推荐的K01导师的支持：移植心理学家Barry Hong博士和移植肾病学家、巴恩斯犹太移植中心(BJTC)主任Daniel Brennan医学博士。我寻求在健康教育、调查设计、高级统计分析、伦理学和移植患者的临床护理方面的额外正式培训。在现有合作和初步研究的基础上，我提议的研究项目的总体目的是通过帮助肾脏接受者要求活体捐赠者捐赠来提高活体捐赠率。 我过去的研究表明，许多肾脏接受者对与潜在捐赠者讨论活体捐赠非常不舒服，因为这种不适，不会考虑活体捐赠。全国范围内可获得的活体肾脏是有限的，因为从来没有人问过自愿的活体捐赠者。对活体捐赠者进行有针对性的健康教育已被证明能显著提高活体捐赠率。在道德上和有效地提高受赠者的舒适度的教育，询问在世的捐赠者可能是增加活体捐赠的第二种方式。利用BJTC的肾脏接受者，拟议的K01研究项目有三个目标： 目的1：确定在要求活体供者捐献时，哪些因素能预测受者的不适，以及不适程度是否能预测受者接受移植的时间。 目的2：发展两种类型的健康教育，以帮助受赠者要求活体捐赠者进行捐赠：(A)受赠者培训如何提出捐献请求(即直接方法)和(B)供受者转介活体捐赠者的活体捐赠者网站(即间接方法)。 目的：对225例潜在受者进行分组随机对照试验，比较直接教育方法和间接教育方法与标准护理方法在三个重要结果上的有效性：受者舒适度调查、评估的活体供者人数和移植受者人数。 在这个项目结束时，我将制定并验证两项健康教育干预措施，这可能有助于受赠者要求活着的捐赠者捐赠。我还将为未来的R01提交收集试点数据。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As a Social and Health Psychologist at Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), I am pursuing a Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) in order to specialize in the clinical area of transplantation, receive scholarly training, and conduct research to increase living donation rates. I am committed to becoming an independent transplantation researcher and am supported in this goal by my proposed K01 mentors at WUSM: Barry Hong, Ph.D., a Transplant Psychologist, and Daniel Brennan, M.D., Transplant Nephrologist and Director of Barnes-Jewish Transplant Center (BJTC). I seek additional formal training in health education, survey design, advanced statistical analyses, ethics, and the clinical care of transplant patients. Building on existing collaborations and preliminary studies, the overall purpose of my proposed research project is to increase living donation rates by assisting kidney recipients in asking living donors to donate. My past research has shown that many kidney recipients are very uncomfortable discussing living donation with prospective donors and, because of this discomfort, will not consider living donation. The national availability of living donor kidneys is limited because willing living donors are never asked. Targeted health education for living donors has already been shown to increase living donation rates significantly. Education that ethically and effectively increases recipients' comfort asking living donors may be a second way to increase living donation. Utilizing kidney recipients from BJTC, the proposed K01 research project has three aims: Aim 1: To determine which factors predict recipient discomfort in asking living donors to donate and whether level of discomfort predicts recipients' time to transplantation. Aim 2: To develop two types of health education to help recipients ask living donors to donate: (A) recipient training on how to make the donation request (i.e., the direct approach) and (B) a living donor website for the recipient to refer living donors (i.e., the indirect approach). Aim 3: To conduct a group-randomized controlled trial of 225 potential recipients to compare the effectiveness of the direct and indirect educational approaches compared to standard-of-care on three important outcomes: recipient comfort asking, number of living donors evaluated, and number of recipients transplanted. At the conclusion of this project, I will have developed and validated two health education interventions that may help recipients ask living donors to donate. I also will have collected pilot data for a future R01 submission.