TYPE 1 DIABETES GENETICS CONSORTIUM

这个子项目是许多利用 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 中心，但不一定是研究者所在的机构。 这是一个多中心的，国际性的，有组织的努力，旨在确定决定一个人患糖尿病风险的基因。 从家族和双胞胎研究中得知，1型糖尿病的遗传基础是复杂的，包括影响大小的基因。 已确定HLA抗II类和I类基因在确定糖尿病风险中起主要作用。 然而，很明显，HLA仅占1型糖尿病总遗传风险的约50%。 在过去的二十年里，已经确定了其他几个基因和基因多态性，有助于糖尿病的风险。 然而，由于临床和遗传资源有限，很难充分评估个体基因效应和基因相互作用的程度。 在这项研究中，将以有组织、一致的方式招募多名家庭成员。 本研究将在北美（至少9个中心，包括CHRMC /西雅图）、欧洲、亚洲、澳大利亚和拉丁美洲进行。 家庭将被招募为受影响的同胞对（ASP），这意味着两个或更多的兄弟姐妹患有1型糖尿病。 ASP的父母和其他未受影响的兄弟姐妹也将被邀请参加本研究。 将收集所有糖尿病受试者的临床表型数据（例如，诊断时的年龄、种族、体质、糖尿病并发症）。 在疾病状态的背景下，将在每个家庭成员中检查HLA I类和II类基因以及至少4个额外的有希望的遗传基因座。 收集的数据为血样和问卷，仅用于研究目的。 最近招募已扩大到低流行率的三人家庭（先证者和父母双方）在北美网络。 三人组将仅在1型糖尿病患病率较低的人群中收集-也就是说，在有两个受影响后代的家庭非常罕见的人群中。 因此，三人组将集中在墨西哥裔美国人和非洲裔美国人。 测试将与ASP系列完全相同。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This is a multi-center, international, organized effort designed to identify the genes that determine one's risk of developing diabetes. From family and twin studies, it is known that the genetic basis of type 1 diabetes is complex, including genes with large and small effect. It is established that HLA Anti class II and class I genes play a major role in determining diabetes risk. However, it is apparent that HLA accounts for only approximately 50% of the total genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. Over the past two decades, several other genes and gene polymorphisms have been identified that contribute to diabetes risk. However, it has been difficult to fully assess the magnitude of individual gene effects and gene interactions due to limited clinical and genetic resources. In this study, multiple family members will be recruited in an organized, consistent fashion. The study will take place in North America (at least 9 centers, including CHRMC / Seattle), Europe, Asia, Australia, and Latin America. Families will be recruited as affected sib pairs (ASP), meaning two or more siblings with type 1 diabetes. Parents of ASP and other, unaffected siblings will also be invited to participate in the study. Data will be collected on clinical phenotype (e.g. age at diagnosis, ethnicity, body habitus, diabetes complications) on all subjects with diabetes. HLA class I and II genes, and at least 4 additional promising genetic loci, will be examined in each family member, in the context of disease status. Data are collected as blood samples and questionnaires, for research purposes only. Recently recruitment has been expanded to low prevalence trio families (proband and both parents) in the North American Network. Trios will be collected only in those populations where the prevalence of type 1 diabetes is low - that is, in populations where families with two affected offspring are very rare. Therefore, the trio collections will focus on Mexican-American and African-Americans. The testing will be exactly the same as for ASP families.