Development, Ecology, and Prevention of Adult Addictive Behavior

6.项目摘要/摘要 拟议的修订后的申请将继续对999名多民族成年人进行样本研究，这些成年人 纵向评估的年龄从11-12岁到23-24岁。评估包括一次CIDI诊断面谈 18-19岁，并对青少年家庭和同伴互动的观察进行了编码录像。样本是 个人在青春期随机接受家庭体检模式，该模式对药物产生长期影响 使用、反社会行为、抑郁和学业成功。建议在26岁时进行的后续评估- 27将包括CIDI关于成瘾行为和精神病理学的诊断面谈，时间分配到 高投资活动与低投资活动、同行网络、自我调节和唾液中DNA的收集 样本。提出了三种基因分型方法，包括候选基因、基因家族和新基因 目前正在研究成瘾行为的分子遗传学的一组研究人员进行的基因探索。 这些数据将被用来解决以下假设：(A)被破坏的自我调节假说，即 成人问题行为一般和成瘾行为具体是适应的总体模式的一部分。 其特点是在家庭关系和其他成人里程碑方面的低投资战略， 对自我调节的要求较低；(B)遗传调节假说，表明 父母的监督和对AOD使用进展和其他问题行为的越轨同伴暴露 对于遗传脆弱的年轻人来说最明显；和(C)风险延展性假说，它 提出早期的环境风险是可以改变的，这些影响对于 有遗传倾向的年轻人。测试所有3组假设需要检查早期的纵向数据 青春期到26-27岁，使用各种高级分析策略，包括轨迹 分析、潜在概况分析、潜在增长建模和编者平均因果效应建模 检查家庭体检对风险暴露的影响。

6. Project Summary/Abstract The proposed revised application would continue research on a sample of 999 multiethnic adults who were longitudinally assessed from ages 11-12 to 23-24. Assessment included a CIDI diagnostic interview at age 18-19 and coded videotaped observations of adolescent family and peer interactions. The sample was individually randomized to the Family Check-Up model in adolescence, which yielded long-term effects on drug use, antisocial behavior, depression, and academic success. The proposed follow-up assessment at age 26- 27 would include the CIDI diagnostic interview on addictive behavior and psychopathology, time allocation to high- versus low-investment activities, peer network, self-regulation, and the collection of DNA in saliva samples. Three approaches to genotyping are proposed, including candidate gene, gene family, and novel gene exploration by a team of investigators currently studying the molecular genetics of addictive behavior. These data will be used to address the following hypotheses: (a) the disrupted self-regulation hypothesis, that adult problem behavior generally and addictive behavior specifically are part of an overall pattern of adaptation that is characterized by a low-investment strategy in respect to family relationships and other adult milestones, with low demands on self-regulation; (b) the genetic moderation hypothesis, indicating that the effects of poor parental monitoring and deviant peer exposure on progressions in AOD use and other problem behaviors are most pronounced for youth who are genetically vulnerable; and (c) the risk malleability hypothesis, which proposes that early environmental risk can be modified and that these effects are especially pronounced for genetically prone youth. Testing of all 3 sets of hypotheses requires examination of longitudinal data from early adolescence through age 26-27 that uses a variety of advanced analytic strategies, including trajectory analyses, latent profile analysis, latent growth modeling, and complier average causal effect modeling for examining the effects of the Family Check-Up on risk exposure.