Studying the oviposition of Anopheles gambiae: the development of novel tools for

研究冈比亚按蚊的产卵：开发新工具

• 批准号: 7937937
• 负责人: Steve Lindsay
• 金额: $ 51.56万
• 依托单位: LONDON SCH/HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-24 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7937937
• 关键词: Adult; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Anopheles gambiae; Area; Bacteria; Behavior; Behavioral; Bite; Breeding; Chemicals; Child; Clinical; Communities; Complement; Culicidae; Development; Dose; Drug Formulations; Ecology; Environment; Epidemiology; Female; Fertility; Film; Future; Generations; Habitats; Infection; Insecticides; Intervention; Invertebrates; Juvenile Hormones; Kenya; Knowledge; Laboratories; Larva; Lead; Longevity; Malaria; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Oviposition; Patient currently pregnant; Performance; Population; Predisposition; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Residual state; Resistance; Resources; Rest; Retreatment; Risk; Sampling; Seasons; Semiochemicals; Silicon; Site; Staging; Surface; Sweden; Testing; Time; Visual; Water; base; chemical release; cost; effective therapy; efficacy testing; egg; improved; innovation; interest; killings; larval control; novel; offspring; olfactory stimulus; preference; programs; pyrethroid; response; tool; transmission process; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sub-Saharan Africa bares the brunt of the world's malaria burden, with nearly 80% of all cases occurring in this region. However, we are now at a turning point in the history of malaria control in Africa. For the first time in a generation reports of malaria declining have become common due to high coverage with long-lasting insecticide treated nets and the prompt and effective treatment of clinical cases. In order to maintain these hard won gains and to make further reductions in malaria transmission it is important to improve and develop new strategies for vector control, which will be applicable in different environments, affordable, and complement existing interventions, so that greater reductions in malaria transmission can be achieved. This project aims to develop more efficient and cost-effective methods for controlling and monitoring Anopheles gambiae populations, the major vector of malaria in Africa. This approach is underpinned by multi-disciplinary research to identify the visual and olfactory stimuli that cause female An. gambiae to lay eggs at certain sites and not others. Such knowledge will be used to (1) identify important breeding sites and selectively treat preferred sites with novel, long-lasting and environmentally friendly larvicides and (2) provide a rational basis for developing traps to monitor adult mosquitoes. Specifically we propose to test: (1) if bacteria-generated volatiles from aquatic habitats function as oviposition semiochemicals; (2) whether the bacterial communities and chemicals released from and present in stagnant water bodies differ between sites with and without An. gambiae larvae, (3) test novel residual larvicides (pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator and a silicon-based monomolecular surface film) against An. gambiae and (5) develop an oviposition trap for collecting gravid An. gambiae. Therefore, the performance of two relatively novel agents, will be evaluated under laboratory and field conditions and their potential in an 'attract-and-kill' strategy combining findings from all specific objectives tested. Most of these studies will be carried out in the laboratory, in enclosed greenhouses and in the field in Kenya. However, some of the detailed chemical analysis will need to be carried out in specialised laboratories in Sweden. The findings from this study may lead to the development of new sampling and control tools for malaria vectors. Such tools would be valuable additions to an Integrated Vector Management package for the control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Integrated vector management (IVM) is seen as the future for vector control. This project aims to develop and test new tools for sampling and killing gravid malaria mosquitoes as well as test the efficacy of two new larvicides. Attacking gravid females and the aquatic stages of the vector are potential strategies that could be incorporated into IVM programmes in the future. Not only would attacking both adult and larval stages result in much greater control than can be achieved with insecticide-treated bednets and indoor-residual spaying alone, they may also offer mechanisms for the management of pyrethroid-resistance and alternatives to DDT usage.

描述（由申请人提供）：撒哈拉以南非洲地区是世界疟疾负担的重灾区，近 80% 的病例发生在该地区。然而，我们现在正处于非洲疟疾控制历史的转折点。由于长效驱虫蚊帐的高覆盖率以及对临床病例的及时有效治疗，疟疾下降的报告在一代人中首次变得普遍。为了保持这些来之不易的成果并进一步减少疟疾传播，必须改进和制定新的病媒控制战略，这些战略将适用于不同的环境，负担得起，并补充现有的干预措施，从而更大程度地减少疟疾传播。该项目旨在开发更有效和更具成本效益的方法来控制和监测非洲疟疾的主要媒介冈比亚按蚊种群。这种方法以多学科研究为基础，旨在识别导致女性 An 的视觉和嗅觉刺激。冈比亚在某些地点产卵，而在其他地点则不产卵。这些知识将用于（1）确定重要的繁殖地点，并用新型、持久和环境友好的杀幼虫剂选择性地处理首选地点；（2）为开发诱捕器来监测成蚊提供合理的基础。具体来说，我们建议测试：（1）来自水​​生栖息地的细菌产生的挥发物是否起到产卵化学信息的作用； (2) 存在和不存在An的地点之间从死水体中释放和存在的细菌群落和化学物质是否不同。冈比亚幼虫，(3) 测试新型残留杀幼虫剂（吡丙醚，一种昆虫生长调节剂和硅基单分子表面膜）对抗安。冈比亚和 (5) 开发一个产卵陷阱来收集妊娠 An。冈比亚。因此，将在实验室和现场条件下评估两种相对新颖的药剂的性能及其在“吸引和杀死”策略中的潜力，结合所有测试的特定目标的结果。 这些研究大部分将在肯尼亚的实验室、封闭温室和实地进行。然而，一些详细的化学分析需要在瑞典的专门实验室进行。这项研究的结果可能会导致开发新的疟疾病媒采样和控制工具。这些工具将是对控制撒哈拉以南非洲疟疾的综合病媒管理包的宝贵补充。 综合矢量管理（IVM）被视为矢量控制的未来。该项目旨在开发和测试用于采样和杀死妊娠疟疾蚊子的新工具，并测试两种新型杀幼虫剂的功效。攻击怀孕雌性和媒介的水生阶段是未来可以纳入 IVM 计划的潜在策略。与单独使用经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐和室内残留绝育相比，攻击成虫和幼虫阶段不仅可以实现更好的控制，而且还可以提供管理拟除虫菊酯抗性的机制和滴滴涕使用的替代方案。